Life in The Universe -95mins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34sEX6VM9sU
http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/124616/Life_in_The_Universe_Documentary__2013/
Speed of light:
- 186,000 miles /second (can encircle the Earth 7.5 times /sec)
- 93 million miles = 1 Astronomical Unit (AU), distance from the Earth to the Sun.
- 18 billion miles /day
- 6 trillion miles /year
- 20 trillion miles /parsec ( 1psc is approximately 3.262 light-years)
Cosmic distances of few of our celestial neighbors:
- Moon 1.3 seconds
- Sun 8 mins 20 secs =1 AU
- Mars 44 minutes
- Voyager 1 29 hrs (heading out of solar system)
- Saturn 3 light yrs
- Sirius (brightest Star) 8.6 light yrs
- Vega (bright star) 25 light yrs
- Betelgeuse (Red super giant star) 500 light yrs
- Crab nebula (star) 6,500 light yrs
- Center of our own Milky-Way galaxy 26,000 light yrs from us
- Span (diameter) of Milky-Way galaxy 100,000 light yrs
(Then, "Intergalactic space" > >> sudden large jump of distances from thousands to millions of light yrs)
- Andromeda galaxy (our nearest galaxy) - 2.5 million light yrs
- Virgo cluster 60 million light yrs
- Local super cluster (LSC) 110 million light yrs
- Great Attractor 200 - 250 million light yrs (Contains tens of thousands of galaxies)
Our observable universe:
a) 46.5 billion light yrs across (approx); 93 billion light years diameter (approx) b) 80 billion galaxies (approx),
c) 3 to 7 × 1022 stars (30 to 70 sextillion), ~ all grains of sands on Earth.
* Local Group: 'About 35 or so galaxies including our Milky Way. They are bound together by their own mutual gravitational attraction—a mammoth version of the same natural phenomenon that holds stars in galaxies, planets around stars and people on Earth. All these "local group" galaxies are clustered within a volume whose diameter is some 5 million light-years'".
A Basic understanding of logical fallacies and burden of proof:
Fallacies are statements that might sound reasonable or superficially true but are actually flawed or dishonest. When readers detect them, these logical fallacies backfire by making the audience think the writer is (a) unintelligent or (b) deceptive. It is important to avoid them in your own arguments, and it is also important to be able to spot them in others' arguments so a false line of reasoning won't fool you. Think of this as intellectual kung-fu: the vital art of self-defense in a debate. For extra impact, learn both the Latin terms and the English equivalents. In general, one useful way to organize fallacies is by category: fallacies of relevance, component fallacies, fallacies of ambiguity, fallacies of omission and Occam's Razor. For details:
http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/fallacies_list.html
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