Banner Advertiser

Friday, October 29, 2010

[ALOCHONA] Hi-tech fraud in admission test of DU




Rab yesterday arrested a gang of eight students who sent answers to multiple-choice questions via SMS to freshmen aspirants inside Dhaka University admission test halls.

A team of Rab-3 and officials of DU administration tracked the gang for a week after an admission seeker, who was approached by the gang, gave them the lead.

Rab caught kingpin Aminul Islam inside a Kha unit admission test hall when he was sending out answers to admission seekers via text messages.

THE FORGERY
Aminul prepared well for the exam and entered the hall with a fake identity and a hidden mobile phone. He got set number three of the question paper. He then texted "3" to five of his gang members, who forwarded the text to their client students. The client freshmen aspirants had also smuggled in mobile phones inside the test halls.

The clients used a tiny piece of paper, which looked like a well-filled circle, to cover the circle of the question paper set they received. This fooled the teachers on duty at the hall and they signed their answer sheets knowing the examinee filled the correct circle on the answer sheet for his or her question paper.

Regardless of whatever set they got, the client students were actually answering question paper set three. And all the correct answers were sent to them via SMS from the five gang members. The five got all the answers from Aminul who was inside an exam hall.

Before submitting the answer sheets, all the client students took off the tiny piece of paper covering the circle marking the set and filled the circle for set number three.

They all answered question paper set three and their answer sheets were signed by the teachers.

Aminul completed his BBA from accounting department of DU this year.

He took part in the admission test for Kha unit [subjects under arts and social science faculties] yesterday with the fake identity of Mosharraf Hossain, DU sources said.

Aminul's five cohorts were stationed at a Palashi flat. They were sending out Aminul's answers to 40 client students via text. They have been arrested as well.

The arrestees and other seized documents including admit cards of admission seekers were produced before journalists at the Rab-3 office in Tikatuli last night.

Briefing reporters, Director of Rab-3 Lt Col Md Rafiqul Islam said the gang had been helping examinees cheat in various competitive exams for the last couple of years.

However, Aminul said gang member Md Shohel Rana, a master's student of political science department, came up with the innovative idea in February this year.

Rab-3 Director Rafiqul said Aminul got Tk 40,000 to Tk 50,000 for sitting for an exam while the other members of the gang received handsome amounts from admission seekers.

DU Proctor KM Saiful Islam Khan said academic action would be taken against the arrested DU students involved and the exams of the students who cheated would be cancelled.

The other arrested gang members are: Md Johnny, a BBA final year student of marketing department at DU, Md Nazrul Islam, a master's student of political science at DU, Shahjada, a BA student of BM College, Barisal, Bachhu Mia, a third year student of Gurudoal Govt College, Kishoreganj, Shahdat Hossain Liton, a student of English department of Jahangirnagar University, and one Md Jamal Uddin.
 


__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

[ALOCHONA] India's Major Crisis in Microlending



India's Major Crisis in Microlending
 
Loans Involving Tiny Amounts of Money Were a Good Idea, but the Explosion of Interest Backfires
 
 
[IMICRO_JUMP] Agence France-Presse/Getty Images

Indian activists of the All-India Democratic Women's Association (AIDWA) and their supporters protest at the Reserve Bank of India on Oct. 13.

The microlending movement that was supposed to help lift millions of people in India out of poverty has in recent weeks fallen into chaos.

Urged on by local government officials and politicians, thousands of borrowers have simply stopped paying lenders, even though they have the money. The government has begun ratcheting up restrictions, fearing that borrowers are being buried by usurious interest rates. In some cases, officials have even arrested lending agents for allegedly harassing borrowers.

Local politicians, meanwhile, have blamed dozens of suicides on microlenders and are urging borrowers not to pay back what they owe.

Though so far the backlash has been confined to a southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, what happens there is frequently a bellwether for microlending in India, and programs around the world. Hyderabad, the state capital, is home to some of the world's biggest microlenders, including SKS Microfinance Ltd., Spandana Sphoorty Financial, Basix & Share Microfin Ltd. The state accounts for about 30% of the loans for all of India, one of the world's biggest microfinance markets.

"This is potentially going to devastate lending to rural areas for a long time," said Vikram Akula, founder and chairman of SKS Microfinance, India's largest microlender by loan volume, which recently listed its shares in India. "We are confident that we will survive, but certainly this is going change how things could and should be done."

Arlene Chang/The Wall Street Journal

The son of Satyama Ayrene, left, hanged himself. It was because he owed money to loan sharks, she says—not because his wife, Laxmi Narsamma, at right, owed $220 to microlenders.

Microcredit is the lending of tiny amounts of money, usually less than $200, to entrepreneurs who use the loans to start or expand small businesses such as a vegetable stand or a bicycle repair shop. Most microcredit firms lend money through women's groups and reach out to borrowers who are either too far from or too poor to borrow from a bank. The repayment rate on the loans have tended to be better than that of richer borrowers. Interest rates, however, can be high, from 25% to 100% a year, mostly due to the cost of administering millions of tiny loans in remote areas.

The crisis is in some ways reminiscent of recent debt problems in the U.S. Microfinance is targeted at a population that is overlooked by the mainstream banking industry, the same social niche targeted by payday and subprime lenders in the U.S.

As the microfinance industry has grown, it has attracted international capital that has greatly boosted the size of the industry, much as payday lending and subprime borrowing soared until two years ago in the U.S. In a significant move that showed international investors' interest in the industry, SKS recently sold $350 million of its shares on the Indian stock market.

But along with that has come concern among politicians, regulators—and indeed some in the industry—that unfettered expansion was leading to poor lending practices, multiple loans to the same borrowers, and fears of widespread repayment problems.

While they have been much in demand wherever they have been introduced as they provide a kinder, cheaper alternative to the village loan shark, some economists are skeptical about whether the small loans actually help lift people out of poverty.

And in regions where there are more than one microlender competing for clients, some experts are concerned that the poor are being encouraged to take on more debt than they can bear.

Private-Equity Money
[IMICRO]

So far, the repayment rate across the microlending industry has remained extremely high. But Andhra Pradesh's payment strike could presage a turn—and put the capital that has flooded into the industry at risk. Mainstream Indian and international banks have backed the microlending industry in India with more than $4 billion of loans this year, with private-equity funds pouring more than $250 million into the industry in India last year alone.

The repayment strike is a rare black mark for an industry that has long been viewed as a social benefit. One of the industry's leaders, Muhammad Yunus of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for pioneering the system. The industry has spread across emerging Asia, Africa and South America. India, with its giant population and hundreds of millions of people living in poverty, is one of the most important markets.

The industry also was the first to reach out to those that make less than $1 a day. It had been so successful that it has spawned efforts to bring everything from insurance to cellphones to solar lights to groceries to the poor.

Editors' Deep Dive: Small Businesses Look to Microcredit

Access thousands of business sources not available on the free web. Learn More

Andhra Pradesh slapped new restrictions on the industry that effectively shut it down last week. While a state court order put the restrictions on hold and allowed the lenders back in the field this week, close to half of all borrowers are continuing to avoid payments, microlenders say.

State officials say they are trying to protect the poor from usurious interest rates and heavy-handed practices, which they say have triggered more than 70 suicides in the state.

Microlending companies say that often where they have investigated suicides attributed to their lending, they have found that microloans were among the smallest of the many problems of the people that have killed themselves.

In Sankarampet village about 2½ hours from Hyderabad, Satyama Ayrene is still in mourning over the death of her son who hanged himself. While local police say they have been told to investigate whether microdebt caused the death, Ms. Ayrene says it was the $2,200 he owed loan sharks that was bothering him, not the $220 his wife owed to a microlender.

Misplaced Blame?

"He did not commit suicide because of the [microloan] companies," said Ms. Ayrene, 55 years old. "He was burdened with loans from the local moneylenders and didn't know how to pay them back."

Microlenders say they are being punished for the success at reaching the poor and that if the resistance continues, many of them will go out of business. Many have been taking steps to create good will to try to avert the situation from worsening. The biggest lenders who account for the majority of borrowing say they will cap their rates at around 24% and form a fund to help troubled borrowers reschedule their loan payments.

They say they are ready to comply with more government restrictions as long as they are given time to meet new requirements. But in the meantime, the industry has ground to a halt.

When SKS agents arrived in a village called Shanti Nagar about 150 miles from Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh, on Wednesday morning, they could tell right away something was wrong. The borrowing group of 20 women was milling around the dusty village square, instead of sitting in order in a circle with their weekly payments as SKS procedure requires.

While the group wanted to pay its loans, they had been forbidden by a local political leader and their husbands, the women said.

The political leader, A. Subramanyam, arrived and told the SKS agents not to harass his neighbors.

"I told them if they don't have the money, they don't have to pay," said Mr. Subramanyam. "I have seen them sell their wedding jewelry to pay the installments, why should they do that? No one here has prospered with these loans."

Corrections & Amplifications
Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. An earlier version of this story incorrectly spelled his first name as Mohammed.

Write to Eric Bellman at eric.bellman@wsj.com and Arlene Chang at arlene.chang@wsj.com

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304316404575580663294846100.html?mod=WSJASIA_hps_LEFTTopStoriesWhatsNews



__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

[ALOCHONA] Chatra League in DU



Chatra League in DU
 
 
 
 
 


__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

RE: [ALOCHONA] The danger of Grameenism




Micro-credit financing initiated in Connecticut (USA) after the Great Depression mostly by churches and later it flourished in Colombia in late 1950s and as per the 1st Microcredit Global Conference in Washington D. C. in 1996, the First Microcredt Bank was established in 1962 in Colombia.  It had over 600,000 borrowers but its repayment was questionable.  After 20 years, a new microcredit bank known as Grameen Bank was first set up in Bangladesh in 1982 (during early 1970s, BRAC started lending small loans and later Professor Muhammed Yunus started lending small loans mostly to a few female in Jubragram, Chittagong).  The new and improved microcredit bank, the Grameen Bank flourished in Bangladesh and it has nearly 7 million borrowers.  Its new innovation of 'peer group pressure' and 'intensive monitoring' (for which cost of operation is high forcing it to have higher interest rate) assisted it to have nearly 99% repayment.  That was a success story in a country where credit repayment in regular commercial banks is very poor.  But now that remarkable repayment of Grameen Bank is being questioned.  It is reported that borrowers are now borrowing from other micro lenders to pay off their initial loans and thus their indebtedness is growing bigger and bigger.  And more important question is; if microcredit lending is a tool to end poverty, why in spite of 70 million microcredit borrowers in Bangladesh, nearly 30 million still live below poverty level in Bangladesh. It is time to evaluate and review its effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its targeted goals.   
 
 


To: alochona@yahoogroups.com
From: qrahman@netscape.net
Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2010 15:14:55 -0400
Subject: Fwd: [ALOCHONA] The danger of Grameenism

 
There are too many Micro-credit institutions in our country. Too often I heard many horror stories about "Kisti" and how worried some people are about it.

However when you have a headache, you do not cut off your head, you should seek medication for i t and "Fix" the problem.

Few can argue if we would have been better off without any kind of micro-credit initiatives. We are imperfect people with "Perfect" expectations from others!!

Well, let us look into the "grameen" model and shave off what does not work and keep what works. Maybe these institutions needs to be monitored/regulated more. With our available mobile and IT technology, it is not hard to do.

Dr. Yunus has a little weakness for glamor world. Last time I checked, it is not a crime.
:-)

Personally I am happy that, he chose to think differently than others. He TRIED to help some women in front of him. How many of us goes beyond "Ideas" and makes an attempt to make a difference in lives of poor in our country?

If we think differently and become business "partners" of these people as the next "Phase/model" of micro-credit rolls out of our "Idea" factory. It may bring better results.

How about micro-insurance for reducing some of the risk factors from the very poor?

How about a "Pick performance analysis" of Grameen Bank, so we can repeat the successful ventures and stop the project that failed borrowers in the past?

I feel almost every problem we face has some solutions for them. We just have to look for it.





-----Original Message-----
From: Isha Khan <bdmailer@gmail.com>
Sent: Thu, Oct 28, 2010 12:57 pm
Subject: [ALOCHONA] The danger of Grameenism

 

The danger of Grameenism

By: Patrick Bond

Far from being a panacea for fighting rural poverty, microcredit can impose additional burdens on the rural poor, without markedly improving their socio-economic condition. (Also below, Khorshed Alam on why microcredit initiatives inspired by Mohammad Yunus's vision and implemented by Grameen Bank and other NGOs have not gone nearly as well in Bangladesh as has been publicised worldwide.)
 

For years, the example of microcredit in Bangladesh has been touted as a model of how the rural poor can lift themselves out of poverty. This widely held perception was boosted in 2006, when Mohammad Yunus and Grameen Bank, the microfinance institution he set up, jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize. In Southasia in particular, and the world in general, microcredit has become a gospel of sorts, with Yunus as its prophet.


Consider this outlandish claim, made by Yunus as he got started in the late 1970s: 'Poverty will be eradicated in a generation. Our children will have to go to a 'poverty museum' to see what all the fuss was about.' According to Milford Bateman, a senior research fellow at the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) in London who is one of the world's experts on Grameen and microcredit, the reason this rhetoric resonated with international donors during the era of neoliberal globalisation, was that 'they love the non-state, self-help, fiscally-responsible and individual entrepreneurship angles.'

Grameen's origins are sourced to a discussion Yunus had with Sufiya Begum, a young mother who, he recalled, 'was making a stool made of bamboo. She gets five taka from a business person to buy the bamboo and sells to him for five and a half taka, earning half a taka as her income for the day. She will never own five taka herself and her life will always be steeped into poverty. How about giving her a credit for five taka that she uses to buy the bamboo, sell her product in free market, earn a better profit and slowly pay back the loan?' Describing Begum and the first 42 borrowers in Jobra village in Bangladesh, Yunus waxed eloquent: 'Even those who seemingly have no conceptual thought, no ability to think of yesterday or tomorrow, are in fact quite intelligent and expert at the art of survival. Credit is the key that unlocks their humanity.'


But what is the current situation in Jobra? Says Bateman, 'It's still trapped in deep poverty, and now debt. And what is the response from Grameen Bank? All research in the village is now banned!' As for Begum, says Bateman, 'she actually died in abject poverty in 1998 after all her many tiny income-generating projects came to nothing.' The reason, Bateman argues, is simple: 'It turns out that as more and more 'poverty-push' micro-enterprises were crowded into the same local economic space, the returns on each micro-enterprise began to fall dramatically. Starting a new trading business or a basket-making operation or driving a rickshaw required few skills and only a tiny amount of capital, but such a project generated very little income indeed because everyone else was pretty much already doing exactly the same things in order to survive.'

Contrary to the carefully cultivated media image, Yunus is not contributing to peace or social justice. In fact, he is an extreme neoliberal ideologue. To quote his philosophy, as expressed in his 1998 autobiography, Banker to the Poor,

I believe that 'government', as we know it today, should pull out of most things except for law enforcement and justice, national defense and foreign policy, and let the private sector, a 'Grameenized private sector', a social-consciousness-driven private sector, take over their other functions.
At the time as he wrote those words, governments across the world, especially in the United States, were pulling back from regulating financial markets. In 1999, for example, Larry Summers (then US Treasury secretary and now President Barack Obama's overall economics tsar) set the stage for the crash of financial-market instruments known as derivatives, by refusing to regulate them as he had been advised.

The resulting financial crisis, peaking in 2008, should have changed Yunus's tune. After all, the catalysing event in 2007 was the rising default rate on a rash of 'subprime mortgage' loans given to low-income US borrowers. These are the equivalent of Grameen's loans to very poor Bangladeshis, except that Yunus did not go so far as the US lenders in allowing them to be securitised with overvalued real estate.

Yunus has long argued that 'credit is a fundamental human right', not just a privilege for those with access to bank accounts and formal employment. But reflect on this matter and you quickly realise how inappropriate it is to compare bank debt – a liability that can be crushing to so many who do not survive the rigours of neoliberal markets - with crucial political and civil liberties, health care, water, nutrition, education, environment, housing and the other rights guaranteed in the constitutions of countries around the world.

Microcredit mantras
By early 2009, as the financial crisis tightened its grip on the world, Yunus had apparently backed away from his long-held posture. At that time, he told India's MicroFinance Focus magazine the very opposite of what he had been saying: 'If somebody wants to do microcredit – fine. I wouldn't say this is something everybody should have' (emphasis added). Indeed, the predatory way that credit was introduced to vulnerable US communities in recent years means that Yunus must now distinguish his Grameen Bank's strategy of 'real' microcredit from microcredit 'which has a different motivation'. As Yunus told MicroFinance Focus, 'Whenever something gets popular, there are people who take advantage of that and misuse it.'

To be sure, Yunus also unveiled a more radical edge in that interview, interpreting the crisis in the following terms. 'The root causes are the wrong structure, the capitalism structure that we have,' he said. 'We have to redesign the structure we are operating in. Wrong, unsustainable lifestyle.' Fair enough. But in the next breath, Yunus was back to neoliberalism, arguing that state microfinance regulation 'should be promotional, a cheerleader.'

For Yunus, regulators are apparently anathema, especially if they clamp down on what are, quite frankly, high-risk banking practices, such as hiding bad debts. As the Wall Street Journal conceded in late 2001, a fifth of the Grameen Bank's loans were more than a year past their due date: 'Grameen would be showing steep losses if the bank followed the accounting practices recommended by institutions that help finance microlenders through low-interest loans and private investments.' A typical financial sleight-of-hand resorted to by Grameen is to reschedule short-term loans that are unpaid after as long as two years; thus, instead of writing them off, it lets borrowers accumulate interest through new loans simply to keep alive the fiction of repayments on the old loans. Not even extreme pressure techniques – such as removing tin roofs from delinquent women's houses, according to the Journal report – improved repayment rates in the most crucial areas, where Grameen had earlier won its global reputation among neoliberals who consider credit and entrepreneurship as central prerequisites for development.

By the early 2000s, even the huckster-rich microfinance industry had felt betrayed by Yunus' tricks. 'Grameen Bank had been at best lax, and more likely at worst, deceptive in reporting its financial performance,' wrote leading microfinance promoter J D Von Pischke of the World Bank in reaction to the Journal's revelations. 'Most of us in the trade probably had long suspected that something was fishy.' Agreed Ross Croulet of the African Development Bank, 'I myself have been suspicious for a long time about the true situation of Grameen so often disguised by Dr Yunus's global stellar status.'

Several years earlier, Yunus was weaned off the bulk of his international donor support, reportedly USD 5 million a year, which until then had reduced the interest rate he needed to charge borrowers and still make a profit. Grameen had allegedly become 'sustainable' and self-financing, with costs to be fully borne by borrowers.

To his credit, Yunus had also battled backward patriarchal and religious attitudes in Bangladesh, and his hard work extended credit to millions of people. Today there are around 20,000 Grameen staffers servicing 6.6 million borrowers in 45,000 Bangladeshi villages, lending an average of USD 160 per borrower (about USD 100 million/month in new credits), without collateral, an impressive accomplishment by any standards. The secret to such high turnover was that poor women were typically arranged in groups of five: two got the first tranche of credit, leaving the other three as 'chasers' to pressure repayment, so that they could in turn get the next loans.

At a time of new competitors, adverse weather conditions (especially the 1998 floods) and a backlash by borrowers who used the collective power of non-payment, Grameen imposed dramatic increases in the price of repaying loans. That Grameen was gaining leverage over women – instead of giving them economic liberation – is a familiar accusation. In 1995, New Internationalist magazine probed Yunus about the 16 'resolutions' he required his borrowers to accept, including 'smaller families'. When New Internationalist suggested this 'smacked of population control', Yunus replied, 'No, it is very easy to convince people to have fewer children. Now that the women are earners, having more children means losing money.' The long history of forced sterilisation in the Third World is often justified in such narrow economic terms.

In the same spirit of commodifying everything, Yunus set up a relationship with the biotechnology giant Monsanto to promote biotech and agrochemical products in 1998, which, New Internationalist reported, 'was cancelled due to public pressure.' As Sarah Blackstock reported in the same magazine the following year: 'Away from their homes, husbands and the NGOs that disburse credit to them, the women feel safe to say the unmentionable in Bangladesh – microcredit isn't all it's cracked up to be … What has really sold microcredit is Yunus's seductive oratorical skill.' But that skill, Blackstock explains, allows Yunus and leading imitators
to ascribe poverty to a lack of inspiration and depoliticise it by refusing to look at its causes. Microcredit propagators are always the first to advocate that poor people need to be able to help themselves. The kind of microcredit they promote isn't really about gaining control, but ensuring the key beneficiaries of global capitalism aren't forced to take any responsibility for poverty.
The big lie
Microfinance gimmickry has done huge damage in countries across the globe. In South Africa in 1998, for instance, when the emerging-markets crisis raised interest rates across the developing world, an increase of seven percent, imposed over two weeks as the local currency crashed, drove many South African borrowers and their microlenders into bankruptcy. Ugandan political economist Dani Nabudere has also rebutted 'the argument which holds that the rural poor need credit which will enable them to improve their productivity and modernise production.' For Nabudere, this 'has to be repudiated for what it is – a big lie.'

Inside even the most neoliberal financing agency (and Grameen sponsor), the World Bank, these lessons were by obvious by the early 1990s. Sababathy Thillairajah, an economist, had reviewed the Bank's African peasant credit programmes in 1993, and advised colleagues: 'Leave the people alone. When someone comes and asks you for money, the best favour you can give them is to say 'no'… We are all learning at the Bank. Earlier we thought that by bringing in money, financial infrastructure and institutions would be built up – which did not occur quickly.'

But not long afterwards, Yunus stepped in to help the World Bank with ideological support. When I met Yunus in Johannesburg, not long before South Africa's April 1994 liberation, he vowed he wouldn't take Bank funds. Yet in August 1995, Yunus endorsed the Bank's USD 200 million global line of credit aimed at microfinance for poor women. However, according to ODI's Bateman, the World Bank 'insisted on a few changes: the mantra of 'full cost recovery', the hard-line belief that the poor must pay the full costs of any program ostensibly designed to help them, and the key methodology is to impose high interest rates and to reward employees as Wall Street-style motivation.'

Bateman also remarks on the damage caused to Bangladesh itself by subscribing to the microcredit gospel: 'Bangladesh was left behind by neighbouring Asian countries, who all choose to deploy a radically different 'development-driven' local financial model: Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, China, Vietnam.' And the countries that were more reliant on neoliberal microfinance soon hit, Bateman insists, 'saturation, with the result of over-indebtedness, 'microcredit bubbles', and small business collapse.' Just as dangerous, Yunus's model actually 'destroys social capital and solidarity,' says Bateman. It is used up 'when repayment is prioritised over development. No technical support is provided, threats are used, assets are seized. And governments use microfinance to cut public spending on the poor and women, who are left to access expensive services from the private sector.' The Yunus phenomenon is, in short, a more pernicious contribution to capitalism than ordinary loan-sharking, because it has been bestowed with such legitimacy.

Bateman records extremely high microfinance interest rates 'everywhere'. In Bangladesh, for instance, these are around 30 to 40 percent; in Mexico, they go up as high as 80 percent. No wonder that in the most recent formal academic review of microfinance, by economist Dean Karlan of Yale University, 'There might be little pockets here and there of people who are made better off, but the average effect is weak, if not nonexistent.'

As the Wall Street Journal put it in 2001, 'To many, Grameen proves that capitalism can work for the poor as well as the rich.' And yet the record should prove otherwise, just as the subprime financial meltdown has shown the mirage of finance during periods of capitalist crisis.


The latest figures suggest that nearly 70 million people (out of 150 million total) in Bangladesh are still living below the poverty line; of those, about 30 million are considered to live in chronic poverty. Grameen Bank now has around seven million borrowers in Bangladesh, 97 percent of whom are women. Yet after decades of poverty-alleviation programmes what effect has Grameen had in its home country? The microcredit initiatives inspired by Mohammad Yunus's vision and implemented by Grameen Bank and other NGOs have not gone nearly as well in Bangladesh as has been publicised worldwide.

To start with, the terms of microcredit in Bangladesh are inflexible and generally far too restrictive – by way of weekly repayment and savings commitments – to allow the borrowers to utilise the newfound credit freely. After all, with a first repayment scheduled for a week after the credit is given, what are the options but petty trading? The effective interest rate stands at 30 to 40 percent, while some suggest it goes upwards of 60 percent in certain situations. Defaulters, therefore, are on the rise, with many being compelled to take out new loans from other sources at even higher interest rates.

Worryingly, in the families of some 82 percent of female borrowers, exchange of dowry has increased since their enrolment with Grameen Bank – it seems that micro-borrowing is seen as enabling the families to pay more dowry than otherwise.

Only five to 10 percent of Grameen borrowers have showed improvement of their quality of life with the help of microcredit, and those who have done will tend to have other sources of income as well. Fully half of the borrowers who could not improve were able to retain their positions by taking out loans from multiple sources; about 45 percent could not do so at all, and their position deteriorated. Many are thus forced to flee the village and try to find work in an urban area or abroad. It has now become clear that most Grameen borrowers spend their newfound credit for their daily livelihood expenditure, rather than on income-generating initiatives.

The main difference between microcredit lenders and feudal moneylenders was that the latter needed collateral. It is true that microcredit has created money flows in rural areas, but also that it created a process through which small-scale landowners can quickly become landless – if one cannot pay back the money at high interest rates, many are forced to sell their land. In cases of failure of timely repayment, instances of seizure by Grameen of tin roofs, pots and pans, and other household goods do take place – amounting to implicit collateral.

This does not mean that credit is not useful to the poor and powerless. The problem lies in the approach taken. Poverty is conceptualised extremely narrowly, only in terms of cash income; when in fact it has to do with all aspects of life, involving both basic material needs such as food, clothing and housing; and basic human needs such as human dignity and rights, education, health and equity. It is true that the rural economy today has received some momentum from microcredit. But the questions remain: Why has this link failed to make any significant impact on poverty? Why, despite the purported 'success' of microcredit, do people in distress keep migrating to urban centres? Why does a famine-like situation persists in large parts of Bangladesh, particularly in the north? Moreover, why does the number of people under the poverty line keep rising – alongside the rising microcredit?

In fact, poverty has its roots and causes, and expanding the credit net without addressing these will never improve any poverty situation. Experience shows that if countries such as Bangladesh rely heavily on microcredit for alleviating poverty, poverty will remain – to keep the microcredit venture alive. Grameen Bank's 'wonderful story' of prosperity, solidarity and empowerment has only one problem: it never happened.

~ Khorshed Alam

~ Patrick Bond is a senior professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Development Studies Centre for Civil Society in Durban, South Africa. Khorshed Alam is executive director of the Alternative Movement for Resources and Freedom Society, based in Dhaka.




__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

Re: [ALOCHONA] Gun Ownership




If there were Nobel Prize categories for stupidity and ignorance—we the Americans will win the honor without any doubt.

>>>>Appreciate your humility Alochok. But to be fair to Americans, we the Bangladeshis are also very good at "Stupidity and ignorance". I invite all of you to read the following well written article.

Bridging the Foreigner-Bangladeshi Divides

Most Bangladeshis ( In Bangladesh) think Americans/Europeans are "semi-gods" and cannot make mistakes. It takes them a long journey over many oceans to discover that, there are idiots and fools all over the world. God is just, so distributed those evenly among all nations....

America is taken over by the fanatic Mullas such as Limbaugh, Hannity, Savage, O'Reilly, Glenn Beck, George Will, Charles Krauthammer, Karl Rove, Sara Palin and Hezbollah faction of the Christian right in the Republican Party

>>>>>
Thank you. That is why those who whine about Bangladeshi "Mullahs" and claim to be "American" at the same time, I have doubts about their claims. Because once you listen to these "Evangelical-Zionist Talebans" you will think Afghan Talebans are primitive idiots. Twisting of religious texts, using religion for political and personal gain comes naturally to this bunch.

As you have seen my fellow Bangladeshis get confused (Or angry!) about me to see quoting the Qur'an [ For some merely quoting religious text is enough to piss them off] and if the 'Rest" knew I am ALSO a fan of many Jews, Hindus and Christians[ for their talent, ideas and contribution to our civilization] the "Other half" would probably wanting to  "Eliminate" me from the reality show name "Duniya".
;-)

Mark my words: these American Nazis will do to your children, what they did to the Jewish children only 70 years ago.

>>>>>>> Yup. Our long cherished "American" kids will truly become Americans. They will lose all links to our wonderful culture and religious traditions. The process already started but I do not blame Americans for it. I blame my "Bangladeshi" brothers and sisters. Most of us are busy in buying bigger houses and newer cars. So they can send pictures to the rest of the "Beggars"[ Borrowed this word from another Alochok]  in Bangladesh and inflate their egos.

Only handful of us have any concerns about future of our children. [ We are only overly concern about how our kids will earn boat load of money but we are OK if they are spiritually dead]

Even fewer of us are involved politically [ In the US] to make things better.
Dr. Jeffrey Lang [ A revert to Islam with a P.H.D in math from UCLA] wrote a wonderful book about this situation. It talks a great deal about us ignorant and arrogant "Muslims".

Losing My Religion: A Call For Help [Paperback]

Losing My Religion: A Call For Help [Paperback] (Author)

>>>>>Having said all that, the little I know about Americans, they will probably not come to kill our kids in drove but kids will have hard time keeping their identities [ cultural and religious] as their dads and moms are busy worshiping "Money-god" [ Described as "Taguds" in the noble Qur'an].

When it comes to logic, these people are as good as our Mullahs.

>>>>>> Actually they are worse than our Mullahs. Our Mullahs ( most of them) know their limitations, so they are humble. But "American Mullah" are ignorant and they have "Opinion" [ Fatwa in Arabic] about everything. Even about things they do not understand.

They are against immigration.

>>>>>>   Immigrants are easy target everywhere. Not just in America.

believe--the world was created  6000 years ago.

>>>>>>> Hey they are American. If they say word was created 6000 years, you should not question it. You should just say "Yes sir". Generally these are Bible Thumpers, so they would not bother you with your opinions anyway.

People of Bangladesh are the pioneers of this practice. We "Change" history every five or six years. With a new political party, we change history. Our kids get a little dizzy with it but who cares about those stupid kids? eh?

Not the bravest people in the face of the world----Bangladeshis

They are for tax break for the rich.


>>>>>>>> Rich people have feelings too. Why do you hate the rich? ;-)
[ This is what they would ask you?]

Go figure that. Let the @ucken poor die—homeless, jobless, hungry! Their tears will be wiped by Jesus himself on the day of Qiamat

>>>>>>> So why do you want to hold up the poor from going to heaven? Are you a communist? [ This is what they would ask you?]

Christian Republicans is philosophy of the ruthless social Darwinism—survival of the fittest.

>>>>>>>> be careful friend. Your desi people will call you "Mullah" and your American buddies will call you socialist or terrorists.
=-O

Doesn't your Bible say that you are your brother's keeper?

>>>>>>>> Hey people going to get upset over your preaching Gospel. Do you take Jesus as your savior and lord? Don't preach.......
===============================================================================================

I think you understood some of my comments were satire. It is a serious situation and I am afraid it may get worse in near future. Most of these people do not know their Bible [ Like most Muslims in Bangladesh with their Qur'an]. So trying to use logic will not work.


As you can see beside making some "Wise-cracks" I have no solution. Trying to use "Logic, news or history" with these people are like talking about philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore to a ordinary Rickshaw puller in Dhaka-----a waste of time.

So I am going to tell you a story. Once upon a time [ After the US attacked Iraq] a good hearted American got upset after watching news about Iraqis shooting at American solders. Now this "Good American" is also a right-wing Christian-Taleban but a very nice man [ Like most right wing nuts]. So he asked his foreign-Muslim co-worker why this Iraqis were so upset with the Americans? This "Good man" thought Americans went in Iraq to help them and "Free" them [ This is what George Bush told Americans].

The "Muslim" calmly answered, like you [ Conservative, gun loving Christian] Iraqis are  religious conservative. This made the American guy very happy. He said then why are they shooting at us? The Muslim said they like NRA [ National Rifle Association of America] like you do. So they are defending their personal "Freedom" like you would if the Chinese invaded the US. The "Christian Taleban" had no answer.

=======================================

When a situation forces you into a "Box", only "out of the Box" thinking can get you out of it. ---qr

Statuary warning: I do not like violence and bad manners. Please make sure your "Out of the Box" thinking do NOT drag any of you into such barbaric activities. Harming innocent people is "Haram" in Islam. --qr

Shalom.






There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower. Allah is the Wali (Protector or Guardian) of those who believe. He brings them out from darkness into light. But as for those who disbelieve, their Auliya (supporters and helpers) are Taghut [false deities and false leaders, etc.], they bring them out from light into darkness. Those are the dwellers of the Fire, and they will abide therein forever.
[ The noble Qur'an 2:256-257]















Sent: Tue, Oct 26, 2010 6:40 pm
Subject: [ALOCHONA] Gun Ownership

 


If there were Nobel Prize categories for stupidity and ignorance—we the Americans will win the honor without any doubt. Americans have gone insane. Great mind Curl Jung warned in 1947 that America could go the way of Hitler's Germany and be overrun by the extreme Right wing. How prophetic! America is taken over by the fanatic Mullas such as Limbaugh, Hannity, Savage, O'Reilly, Glenn Beck, George Will, Charles Krauthammer, Karl Rove, Sara Palin and Hezbollah faction of the Christian right in the Republican Party. Do not forget the formula; Religion Politics=Death of reason!  I ask all the progressive Americans—specially the Bangladeshi Americans to read the second Amendment to our constitution very carefully. The Nazis are coming and we had better become members of NRA (National Rifle Association) in a hurry and apply for gun ownership immediately.  Mark my words: these American Nazis will do to your children, what they did to the Jewish children only 70 years ago. Obama is a socialist. Government does not work; Government cannot do anything right. Stupid Republicans say they do not want government and they do not want to pay taxes. However, they love wars; they want more prisons built; they want more immigration police; they want more prosecutors; they want more nuclear weapons; they want to increase the size of the military; they want government run hospitals for the military.  My question is—if the government can run an excellent health care system for our soldiers--why they cannot run an excellent health care system for rest of us. When it comes to logic, these people are as good as our Mullahs. These people think Socialism is evil; it does not work. I ask the stupid Tea-Baggers—with capitalism, we have 1% growth; with socialism, the Chinese have 13% yearly growth. Which one is better today? Folks, we are on a slippery slope---leading to Fascism! Case in point is the Tea Party phenomena sweeping the nation-- patronized by the heartless, cruel, stupid, inhuman, insensitive and foolish Republican Party. This right leaning American voter—will put to shame the uncle of our Prophet---Hazrat Abu Jahel!  They are against Health Care for the poor. They are against welfare for the poor. They are against immigration. They are against homosexuals; They are against abortion; They are against masterurabation; They are against blacks and Hispanics and  believe--the world was created  6000 years ago. They are for tax break for the rich. Go figure that. Let the @ucken poor die—homeless, jobless, hungry! Their tears will be wiped by Jesus himself on the day of Qiamat. Behind the Bible holding compassionate conservatism of the fascist right wing Christian Republicans is philosophy of the ruthless social Darwinism—survival of the fittest. Wonderful Christianity! I ask you-- is this what Jesus taught you? Doesn't your Bible say that you are your brother's keeper? Didn't Jesus order you to take care of the sick and poor? Was God bull-shitting or you are bunch of Bull-shitters on Sundays? These idiots say, Canada has an inferior health care system. Really? How come their life expectancy is higher than ours? Let's get energized. Let's get organized. Let's get galvanized. We the progressives must get up and fight for our rights. Let's take our country back!


 
SaifDevdas
islam1234@msn.com





__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

[ALOCHONA] RE: [KHABOR] 28 OCTOBER ------- A DAY OF CONSPIRACY BY JAMAT !!!!!!!!!



Shame your stand on behalf of killers
 


To: khabor@yahoogroups.com; Bangladesh-Zindabad@yahoogroups.com; alapon@yahoogroups.com; WideMinds@yahoogroups.com; alochona@yahoogroups.com; aminul_islam_raj@yahoo.com; abidbahar@yahoo.com; anis.ahmed@netzero.net; amra-bangladesi@yahoogroups.com; moassghar@yahoo.com; notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com; sonarbangladesh@yahoogroups.com; bideshi_tokai@yahoo.com; bideshitokai@yahoo.com
CC: khabor@yahoogroups.com; sayfaldin@aol.com; nurunnabi@gmail.com
From: manik195709@yahoo.com
Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2010 12:35:57 -0700
Subject: [KHABOR] 28 OCTOBER ------- A DAY OF CONSPIRACY BY JAMAT !!!!!!!!!

স্টাফ রিপোর্টার ॥ ২৮ অক্টোবর পল্টন ময়দানে লড়াই ছিল আওয়ামী লীগের অস্তিত্ব রৰার লড়াই। আওয়ামী লীগের আন্দোলন সংগ্রাম নস্যাত করতে পরিকল্পিতভাবে এ হত্যাকা- ঘটিয়েছিল জামায়াত শিবির চক্র। বিএনপি জামায়াত জোট চক্র ৫ বছরে ব্যাপক দুর্নীতি লুটপাটের রাজত্ব কায়েম করেছিল। তাদের দুর্নীতি মাধ্যমে অর্জিত সম্পাদকে বৈধতা দেয়ার জন্য আরও একবার ৰমতায় আসার দরকার ছিল। আর ৰমতায় আসার জন্য নিজেদের লোক দিয়ে তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকারের প্রধান করা হয়েছিল নির্বাচনের নীলনক্সা তৈরির জন্য। আর এর প্রতিবাদ করতেই আওয়ামী লীগ সেদিন পল্টনে জনসমাবেশের ডাক দিয়েছিল। আওয়ামী লীগ এ সমাবেশ নস্যাত করতে পরিকল্পিতভাবে জামায়াত শিবির এ সমাবেশের ওপর হামলা চালায়।
২৮ অক্টোবর পল্টন হত্যাকাণ্ডের প্রতিবাদে বাংলাদেশ যুবলীগ আয়োজিত এক আলোচনা সভায় বক্তারা একথা বলেন। বৃহস্পতিবার বঙ্গবন্ধু এ্যাভিনিউর দলীয় কার্যালয়ে আয়োজিত আলোচনাসভায় বক্তৃতা করেন যুবলীগের সাধারণ সম্পাদক আজম এমপি, যুবলীগ নেতা ফারুক হোসেন, আতাউর রহমান. মহিউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ মহি প্রমুখ। যুবলীগের সহসভাপতি হারুনর রশিদের সভাপতিত্বে অনুষ্ঠিত এ আলোচনা সভায় মির্জা আজম বলেন, সেদিন প্রশাসনের নির্দেশকে অমান্য করে জামায়াত শিবির বায়তুল মোকারম উত্তর গেটে সমাবেশের মঞ্চ তৈরি করেছিল। সেদিন তাদের এ সমাবেশের অনুমতি ছিল না। পল্টন মোড় থেকে ফুলবাড়িয়া বাসস্ট্যান্ড পর্যনত্ম আওয়ামী লীগের জন্য জায়গা বরাদ্দ দিয়েছিল সিটি করপোরেশন। নয়াপল্টনে বিএনপি অফিসের সামনে অনুমতি ছিল বিএনপির সমাবেশের জন্য। কিন্তু জামায়াত শিবির সেদিন পূর্বপরিকল্পনা অনুযায়ী আওয়ামী লীগের আন্দোলনকে নস্যাত করতেই সমাবেশের মঞ্চ তৈরি করে। আওয়ামী লীগের মিছিল পল্টনে পেঁৗছানোর সঙ্গে সঙ্গে মঞ্চ থেকে আক্রমণের নির্দেশ দেয়া হয়। বাঁচলে শহীদ মরলে গাজী মন্ত্রে উজ্জীবিত হয়ে শিবিরে হাজার হাজার ক্যাডার ঝাঁপিয়ে পড়ে মিছিলের ওপর। তাদের ছোড়া গুলিতে নিহত হয় যুব মৈত্রীর নেতা রাসেল আহম্মেদ। কিন্তু আওয়ামী লীগ ও যুবলীগের কর্মীরা সেদিন শিবিরে আক্রমণকে খালি হাতে প্রতিহত করেছিল। সেদিন এ আক্রমণ প্রতিহত করতে না পারলে আজকে দেশে গণতন্ত্র প্রতিষ্ঠিত হতো না।
তিনি বলেন, বিএনপি ৫ বছর ৰমতায় থাকতে তারেকের নেতৃত্বে হাওয়া ভবনকে দ্বিতীয় সচিবালয় বানানো হয়েছিল। এখান থেকেই টেন্ডারবাজি চাঁদাবাজি নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা হতো। লুটপাটের মাধ্যমে অর্জিত সম্পদের বৈধতা দেয়ার জন্য তাদের প্রয়োজন ছিল দ্বিতীয় মেয়াদে ৰমতায় আসা। কিন্তু তারা ভালভাবে বুঝতে পেরেছিল জনগণ কিছুতে আর ৰমতায় বসাবে না। তখন থেকেই ৰমতায় আসার জন্য বিভিন্ন ষড়যন্ত্র শুরম্ন করে। আওয়ামী লীগকে নিশ্চিহ্ন করতে হত্যার রাজনীতি শুরম্ন করে। সর্বশেষ আওয়ামী লীগকে নেতৃত্ব শূন্য করে তারা সারাজীবন ৰমতায় থাকতে চেয়েছিল। এজন্য ২১ আগস্টে শেখ হাসিনার ওপর গ্রেনেড হামলা চালিয়েছিল। পরপর ৯টি গ্রেনেড ছোড়ার পরও শেখ হাসিনাকে হত্যা করা সম্ভব হয়নি। এ ষড়যন্ত্রে ব্যর্থ হয়ে তারা নির্বাচনের নীলনঙ্া অাঁকতে থাকে। নিজেদের লোককে তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকারের প্রধান করা হয়। ইয়াজউদ্দিন দায়িত্ব নেয়ার পরই দেশ আবার অনিশ্চয়তার দিকে যেতে থাকে। এ পেৰিতেই সেদিন ওয়ান ইলেভেন এসেছিল। বিএনপি দুর্নীতি করলেও গ্রেফতার করা হয় শেখ হাসিনাকে। বন্দী অবস্থায় তার ওপর চালানো হয় নির্যাতন। কিন্তু শেখ হাসিনা সেদিন কারও সঙ্গে আপোস করেননি। তাঁর আপোসহীন মনোভাবের কারণে সরকার নির্বাচন দিতে বাধ্য হয়েছিল। দেশে পুনরায় গণতন্ত্র প্রতিষ্ঠা পায়। এরপরও দেশ ষড়যন্ত্র থেকে রেহাই পায়নি। ষড়যন্ত্রের মাধ্যমে দেশ অস্থিতিশীল করে তোলার চেষ্টা হচ্ছে। এ পরিস্থিতি মোকাবেলা করতে হলে যুবলীগ নেতাকর্মীদের ঐক্যবদ্ধ থাকতে হবে। অনুষ্ঠানে বক্তারা বলেন, যুদ্ধপরাধীদের বিচার বাধাগ্রসত্ম করতে এবং সরকারকে অস্থিতিশীল করতে বিএনপি ষড়যন্ত্র করছে। ৫ বছরে বিএনপি দেশকে দুর্নীতিগ্রসত্ম দেশে পরিণত করেছিল। দেশের মানুষকে অত্যাচার নির্যাতন করেছে। হাওয়া ভবনের নামে কোটি কোটি টাকা বিদেশে পাচার করা হয়েছে। আওয়ামী লীগকে নিশ্চিহ্ন করতে কারাগার থেকে দাগী সন্ত্রাসীদেরও ছেড়ে দেয়া হয়েছিল। এখন আবার তারা খালেদা জিয়ার বাড়ি রৰার আন্দোলনে নেমেছে। এর বিরম্নদ্ধে ঐক্যবদ্ধ আন্দোলন গড়ে তুলতে হবে। তাঁরা বলেন, পল্টন ময়দানে লড়াই ছিল অসত্মিত্ব রৰার লড়াই। বিনা উস্কানিতে জামায়াত শিবির আওয়ামী লীগের মিছিলে হামলা চালিয়েছিল।



________________________________
From: Eastside Peds <eastside_peds@bellsouth.net>
To: Bangladesh-Zindabad@yahoogroups.com; alapon@yahoogroups.com; wideminds
<WideMinds@yahoogroups.com>; alochona <alochona@yahoogroups.com>; Md. Aminul
Islam <aminul_islam_raj@yahoo.com>; Dr. Abid Bahar <abidbahar@yahoo.com>; Anis
Ahmed <anis.ahmed@netzero.net>; Amra Bangladesi
<amra-bangladesi@yahoogroups.com>; Mo Assghar <moassghar@yahoo.com>;
notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com; Sonar Bangladesh
<sonarbangladesh@yahoogroups.com>; bideshi_tokai@yahoo.com;
bideshitokai@yahoo.com
Cc: Khabor groups <khabor@yahoogroups.com>; sayfaldin@aol.com; Nabi bhai
<nurunnabi@gmail.com>
Sent: Wed, October 27, 2010 5:21:00 PM
Subject: [KHABOR] আওয়ামী লীগ শির উচু করে থাকবে চিরকাল !!!

 
 আওয়ামী লীগ,
 
একটা ইতিহাস , সংগ্রাম
আর বিজয়ের নাম !!!
বাংলাদেশের আত্মার সাথে
জড়িত এর নাম , আপামর
জনতার প্রানপ্রিয় এই দল৷
কত দল আসে আর যায় ,
কিন্তূ আওয়ামী লীগ শির উচু
করে আছে , থাকবে চিরকাল !!




________________________________
From: Faruque Alamgir <faruquealamgir@gmail.com>
To: alapon@yahoogroups.com; wideminds <WideMinds@yahoogroups.com>; alochona
<alochona@yahoogroups.com>; Md. Aminul Islam <aminul_islam_raj@yahoo.com>; Dr.
Abid Bahar <abidbahar@yahoo.com>; Anis Ahmed <anis.ahmed@netzero.net>; Amra
Bangladesi <amra-bangladesi@yahoogroups.com>; Mo Assghar <moassghar@yahoo.com>;
notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com; Sonar Bangladesh
<sonarbangladesh@yahoogroups.com>; Bangla Zindabad
<Bangladesh-Zindabad@yahoogroups.com>; bideshi_tokai@yahoo.com;
bideshitokai@yahoo.com
Sent: Wed, October 27, 2010 12:05:10 PM
Subject: [Bangladesh-Zindabad] Re: [Alapon] Beware! (Unbelivable)

 


'Awami League' is not a name of a political party, it's a name of disease of
Bangladesh'.
Perhaps this is the only political party in the world whose male activists are
prone to rape indiscriminately here,there and everywhere n these SONAR(golden)
sentinels are rewarded by the power.



2010/10/27 Nayan Khan <udarakash08@yahoo.com>

 
>What else you want to see in your beloved country!
>>>
>>>
>>>শ্লীলতাহানির অভিযোগে ছাত্রলীগ নেতার বিরুদ্ধে ভাবীর মামলা
>>>http://www.amadershomoy.com/content/2010/10/26/middle0752.htm
>>>
>>>ছাত্রলীগ কর্মীর নির্যাতনে বিবর্ণ সাইফুলের সব স্বপ্ন
>>>http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-10-27/news/104571
>>> 
>> 
>>Regards,
>>NK
>>
>>
>>' ' ,
>>'Awami League' is not a name of a political party, it's a name of disease of
>>Bangladesh.
>>
>>
>> 
>
>




__._,_.___


[Disclaimer: ALOCHONA Management is not liable for information contained in this message. The author takes full responsibility.]
To unsubscribe/subscribe, send request to alochona-owner@egroups.com




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___