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Thursday, March 29, 2012

Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See! - Repression of non-Muslims in Bangladesh



@ Drs. Bain and Roy

Did you not notice Q. A. Rahman's asking me if any Mullah has violated my honor?  That along with his other postings here at Muktomona  show his political leaning and lack of manners.  Chanting 'shalom' doesn't indicate that he is comparable to a Rabbi in comprehension.

On Fri, Mar 30, 2012 at 5:52 AM, Jiten Roy <jnrsr53@yahoo.com> wrote:
 


Dr. Bain,

You overlooked the most recent Hazarihat, Chittagong, incident only about a month or so back, where Jamati/BNP cadres desecrated Loknath Temple, ransacked and burned Hindu business and properties for 48 hours of carnage, and the police, under the Awami League government, remained bystander during these atrocities. When Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity council President from Chittagong asked for police protection, the Police Superintendent informed him that – they have no ammunitions and resources to protect Hindus.  

I have circulated all newspaper reports, and YouTube videos of the incidence in this forum, yet Mr. Q. Rahman asked me to show evidence of atrocities on minority communities in Bangladesh, meaning he had no recollection of such a recent incidence also. As a result, I did not reply to him thinking that it will be a waste of time. Evidence of minority persecution in Bangladesh is so obvious that no one should need further evidence. Every day Hindus are leaving Bangladesh for India due to persecution, and most of those people became destitute in India.

Jiten Roy

--- On Thu, 3/29/12, Sukhamaya Bain <subain1@yahoo.com> wrote:


From: Sukhamaya Bain <subain1@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See! - Repression of non-Muslims in Bangladesh
To: "mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Thursday, March 29, 2012, 6:01 PM


 
I generally do not like to ask direct questions in the second person in the public forum. But let me make an exception here. Were you asleep over the last 3-4 decades, Mr. Q. A. Rahman?
 
The governments in Bangladesh have not only failed to protect minorities; on many occasions, they have committed and supported criminal acts against non-Muslims in Bangladesh. Barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims have been going on with impunity in Bangladesh practically over the entire lifetime of the country so far. For the average soft-sellers of hatred against non-Muslims, Amnesty International reports on Bangladesh should be an acceptable source on how the country has been doing in terms protecting the religious minorities, including the Hindus, the Buddhists, the Ahmedias and the Christians. Please browse through the pages. Here are only a few examples.
 
 
In 1992, the democratically elected parliament of Bangladesh, via majority vote in a resolution, praised the countrymen for not being too hateful against religious minorities of the country, while the facts were that thousands of temples had been destroyed or damaged, and hundreds of thousands of minorities had become homeless due to arson and looting, among other atrocities.
 
In 1996, Bangladesh police committed atrocities against non-Muslim students at Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University. Among other things, they wanted to teach the infidels that it was not good to eat during day-time during the month of Ramadan in a 'Muslim country'.
 
In 1996, a Chakma woman was abducted by Bangladesh military, and her whereabouts are not known even today.
 
 
 
Again these are only a few examples. While I read many more and heard about many more from phone conversations with relatives and friends, I am not a repository of news from Bangladesh; nor could I spend enough time to be a human/minority rights activist.
 
Let me stop wasting more of my time here, and end for now with another comment/question for Mr. Rahman. You seem to be a Muslim who cares about the rights of the non-Muslims of Bangladesh. If you sound like you do not know about the barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims in Bangladesh, what could be expected from the average hateful Muslim fanatic of Bangladesh?
 
Sukhamaya Bain
 
==================================================

From: qar <qrahman@netscape.net>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 26, 2012 11:05 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
Let me understand this folks. Are you saying OUR government failed to protect minorities of Bangladesh? Really? Could you supply more information? Where and what happened? Thank you.

Shalom!

==============================================
-----Original Message----- From: Jiten Roy <jnrsr53@yahoo.com> To: mukto-mona <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Sun, Mar 25, 2012 4:23 am Subject: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
YouTube video of a recent demonstration in front of the UN building in New York to protest against the oppression of religious minority in Bangladesh. It was forwarded to me by Mr. Shitangshu Guha.
Please click on the link below to watch the video.
 
Jiten Roy
 
====================================================
--- On Sat, 3/24/12, BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com> wrote:

From: BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>
Subject: A Must See!--Just click the link
To: "BHBCUC USA" <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>, "BHBCUC Europe" <europebhbcuc@gmail.com>
Date: Saturday, March 24, 2012, 4:01 PM

---------- Forwarded message ----------
YouTube  
guhasb@gmail.com has shared a video with you on YouTube:
See this---you will like it
© 2012 YouTube, LLC
901 Cherry Ave, San Bruno, CA 94066




__._,_.___


****************************************************
Mukto Mona plans for a Grand Darwin Day Celebration: 
Call For Articles:

http://mukto-mona.com/wordpress/?p=68

http://mukto-mona.com/banga_blog/?p=585

****************************************************

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****************************************************

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See! - Repression of non-Muslims in Bangladesh




Dr. Bain,

You overlooked the most recent Hazarihat, Chittagong, incident only about a month or so back, where Jamati/BNP cadres desecrated Loknath Temple, ransacked and burned Hindu business and properties for 48 hours of carnage, and the police, under the Awami League government, remained bystander during these atrocities. When Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity council President from Chittagong asked for police protection, the Police Superintendent informed him that – they have no ammunitions and resources to protect Hindus.  

I have circulated all newspaper reports, and YouTube videos of the incidence in this forum, yet Mr. Q. Rahman asked me to show evidence of atrocities on minority communities in Bangladesh, meaning he had no recollection of such a recent incidence also. As a result, I did not reply to him thinking that it will be a waste of time. Evidence of minority persecution in Bangladesh is so obvious that no one should need further evidence. Every day Hindus are leaving Bangladesh for India due to persecution, and most of those people became destitute in India.

Jiten Roy

--- On Thu, 3/29/12, Sukhamaya Bain <subain1@yahoo.com> wrote:


From: Sukhamaya Bain <subain1@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See! - Repression of non-Muslims in Bangladesh
To: "mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Thursday, March 29, 2012, 6:01 PM

 
I generally do not like to ask direct questions in the second person in the public forum. But let me make an exception here. Were you asleep over the last 3-4 decades, Mr. Q. A. Rahman?
 
The governments in Bangladesh have not only failed to protect minorities; on many occasions, they have committed and supported criminal acts against non-Muslims in Bangladesh. Barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims have been going on with impunity in Bangladesh practically over the entire lifetime of the country so far. For the average soft-sellers of hatred against non-Muslims, Amnesty International reports on Bangladesh should be an acceptable source on how the country has been doing in terms protecting the religious minorities, including the Hindus, the Buddhists, the Ahmedias and the Christians. Please browse through the pages. Here are only a few examples.
 
 
In 1992, the democratically elected parliament of Bangladesh, via majority vote in a resolution, praised the countrymen for not being too hateful against religious minorities of the country, while the facts were that thousands of temples had been destroyed or damaged, and hundreds of thousands of minorities had become homeless due to arson and looting, among other atrocities.
 
In 1996, Bangladesh police committed atrocities against non-Muslim students at Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University. Among other things, they wanted to teach the infidels that it was not good to eat during day-time during the month of Ramadan in a 'Muslim country'.
 
In 1996, a Chakma woman was abducted by Bangladesh military, and her whereabouts are not known even today.
 
 
 
Again these are only a few examples. While I read many more and heard about many more from phone conversations with relatives and friends, I am not a repository of news from Bangladesh; nor could I spend enough time to be a human/minority rights activist.
 
Let me stop wasting more of my time here, and end for now with another comment/question for Mr. Rahman. You seem to be a Muslim who cares about the rights of the non-Muslims of Bangladesh. If you sound like you do not know about the barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims in Bangladesh, what could be expected from the average hateful Muslim fanatic of Bangladesh?
 
Sukhamaya Bain
 
==================================================

From: qar <qrahman@netscape.net>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 26, 2012 11:05 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
Let me understand this folks. Are you saying OUR government failed to protect minorities of Bangladesh? Really? Could you supply more information? Where and what happened? Thank you.

Shalom!

==============================================
-----Original Message----- From: Jiten Roy <jnrsr53@yahoo.com> To: mukto-mona <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Sun, Mar 25, 2012 4:23 am Subject: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
YouTube video of a recent demonstration in front of the UN building in New York to protest against the oppression of religious minority in Bangladesh. It was forwarded to me by Mr. Shitangshu Guha.
Please click on the link below to watch the video.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYXRp09x0yo&feature=email
 
Jiten Roy
 
====================================================
--- On Sat, 3/24/12, BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com> wrote:

From: BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>
Subject: A Must See!--Just click the link
To: "BHBCUC USA" <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>, "BHBCUC Europe" <europebhbcuc@gmail.com>
Date: Saturday, March 24, 2012, 4:01 PM

---------- Forwarded message ----------
YouTube  
guhasb@gmail.com has shared a video with you on YouTube:
See this---you will like it
© 2012 YouTube, LLC
901 Cherry Ave, San Bruno, CA 94066


__._,_.___


****************************************************
Mukto Mona plans for a Grand Darwin Day Celebration: 
Call For Articles:

http://mukto-mona.com/wordpress/?p=68

http://mukto-mona.com/banga_blog/?p=585

****************************************************

VISIT MUKTO-MONA WEB-SITE : http://www.mukto-mona.com/

****************************************************

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See! - Repression of non-Muslims in Bangladesh



I generally do not like to ask direct questions in the second person in the public forum. But let me make an exception here. Were you asleep over the last 3-4 decades, Mr. Q. A. Rahman?
 
The governments in Bangladesh have not only failed to protect minorities; on many occasions, they have committed and supported criminal acts against non-Muslims in Bangladesh. Barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims have been going on with impunity in Bangladesh practically over the entire lifetime of the country so far. For the average soft-sellers of hatred against non-Muslims, Amnesty International reports on Bangladesh should be an acceptable source on how the country has been doing in terms protecting the religious minorities, including the Hindus, the Buddhists, the Ahmedias and the Christians. Please browse through the pages. Here are only a few examples.
 
 
In 1992, the democratically elected parliament of Bangladesh, via majority vote in a resolution, praised the countrymen for not being too hateful against religious minorities of the country, while the facts were that thousands of temples had been destroyed or damaged, and hundreds of thousands of minorities had become homeless due to arson and looting, among other atrocities.
 
In 1996, Bangladesh police committed atrocities against non-Muslim students at Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University. Among other things, they wanted to teach the infidels that it was not good to eat during day-time during the month of Ramadan in a 'Muslim country'.
 
In 1996, a Chakma woman was abducted by Bangladesh military, and her whereabouts are not known even today.
 
 
 
Again these are only a few examples. While I read many more and heard about many more from phone conversations with relatives and friends, I am not a repository of news from Bangladesh; nor could I spend enough time to be a human/minority rights activist.
 
Let me stop wasting more of my time here, and end for now with another comment/question for Mr. Rahman. You seem to be a Muslim who cares about the rights of the non-Muslims of Bangladesh. If you sound like you do not know about the barbaric atrocities against non-Muslims in Bangladesh, what could be expected from the average hateful Muslim fanatic of Bangladesh?
 
Sukhamaya Bain
 
==================================================

From: qar <qrahman@netscape.net>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, March 26, 2012 11:05 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
Let me understand this folks. Are you saying OUR government failed to protect minorities of Bangladesh? Really? Could you supply more information? Where and what happened? Thank you.

Shalom!

==============================================
-----Original Message----- From: Jiten Roy <jnrsr53@yahoo.com> To: mukto-mona <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> Sent: Sun, Mar 25, 2012 4:23 am Subject: [mukto-mona] Fw: A Must See!--Just click the link
 
YouTube video of a recent demonstration in front of the UN building in New York to protest against the oppression of religious minority in Bangladesh. It was forwarded to me by Mr. Shitangshu Guha.
Please click on the link below to watch the video.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYXRp09x0yo&feature=email
 
Jiten Roy
 
====================================================
--- On Sat, 3/24/12, BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com> wrote:

From: BHBCUC USA <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>
Subject: A Must See!--Just click the link
To: "BHBCUC USA" <unitycouncilusa@gmail.com>, "BHBCUC Europe" <europebhbcuc@gmail.com>
Date: Saturday, March 24, 2012, 4:01 PM

---------- Forwarded message ----------
YouTube  
guhasb@gmail.com has shared a video with you on YouTube:
See this---you will like it
© 2012 YouTube, LLC
901 Cherry Ave, San Bruno, CA 94066


__._,_.___


****************************************************
Mukto Mona plans for a Grand Darwin Day Celebration: 
Call For Articles:

http://mukto-mona.com/wordpress/?p=68

http://mukto-mona.com/banga_blog/?p=585

****************************************************

VISIT MUKTO-MONA WEB-SITE : http://www.mukto-mona.com/

****************************************************

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
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Re: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir



Uh I missed Ezajur's latest then!  The thing is I delete all his posts simply out of disgust.  So, unless it appears on someone else's post, I have no way of knowing what his latest "throwing up" is about.   The moment he opens his mouth, he throws up.



-----Original Message-----
From: Farida Majid <farida_majid@hotmail.com>
To: Alochona Alochona <alochona@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wed, Mar 28, 2012 12:58 am
Subject: RE: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir

 
        Could you please explain what you think Robin's opinion is? It's okay if you can't :)

 
        You were hoping he'd get it. But see, he is too closeted to get the joke. He thinks you and Robin are admiring his abusive arrogance. He's enjoying the attention.  He has nothing to offer beyond abuse, not a single piece of thought. There's a name for such parasitic creatures.
 

To: alochona@yahoogroups.com
From: Ezajur@yahoo.com
Date: Tue, 6 Mar 2012 08:48:36 +0000
Subject: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir

 
You thinks The Fuehrer would more than appreciate that!

Wahay! An opinion! Well done! And you even used the word 'literally'!
I can't complain. Any opinion is better than no opinion.

Aren't you glad the sacred month of February is over? All that hypocrisy and whining about the language movement. Though we still have to get through the sacred month of March. And all this so soon after the sacred month of December. Add to that the sacred month of Ramadan and we Bongus have 4 sacred months out of 12 months! Yahoo!

Keep up the good work. Another couple of sentences and you will have completed your first paragraph. You can do it.

Could you please explain what you think Robin's opinion is? It's okay if you can't :)

Ezajur Rahman
Kuwait

--- In alochona@yahoogroups.com, Rumee@... wrote:
>
>
> Robin Bhai,
>
> Me thinks The Fuehrer would more than appreciate t hat
>
> Due to the dryness (literally and otherwise) of his current habitat, its only natural that the fuehrer feels a tad bit jealous and insecure about Fine Wines, Quality Cigars, Good Reads and History.
>
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Robin Khundkar <rkhundkar@...>
> To: alochona <alochona@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Mon, Mar 5, 2012 12:28 pm
> Subject: Re: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Mein fuerher compared to your potential, the netri is third rate or less. But you know that already!!!
>
> Absolutely, will be delighted to be the herr Minister of everything sugar and spice & all thats nice.....I am sure the fuehrer will love some of the libations too... But I will make sure the the dandafied Volk (pardon the Banglish) will know nothing!! !!
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ezajur
> Sent: Mar 1, 2012 1:50 AM
> To: alochona@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir
>
>
>
>
> You seem to be describing your Nethri J
>
> I'm no Nazi. But if I were a Nazi Leader I would make your dreams for Bangladesh come true by making you the Minister for Fine Wines, Quality Cigars, Good Reads and History (1947 to 1971). I think you would be quite grateful and loyal to me J
>
>
> Robin Khundkar <rkhundkar@>
> ipsomilk2
>
> Re: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir
>
> I want you to be the Fuerher of BONGOLAND! Your kick a** spirit and deep knowledge of the road forward and hyper-patriotism seems to ooze out of every orifice of your body!!! Furthermore, everyone else from Mujib to Moin seem to have fallen short!!! Why waste time waiting for Godot !!!
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ezajur
> Sent: Feb 21, 2012 8:38 AM
> To: alochona@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [ALOCHONA] Re: Waiting for a Mahathir
>
>
> Yeah - I'm one of the blokes who liked MUC. He did a lot of the grunt work for the CTG. And MUA pushed him out because MUA lost the plot in the end. Both MUA and MUC gave up on the minus two theory and covered their backsides. But what did you think - we were blind supporters of MUA and MUC? We would want them to rule till they die and to be succeeded by their family members?
>
> Why? Who do you like?
>
> Re: [ALOCHONA] Waiting for a Mahathir
>
> I thought you blokes liked Masuddin Chowdhury!!! I remember the pitiable wails that came out when he was sent to the OZZ by other guy !!!
>
> -----Original M essage-----
> From: Isha Khan
> Sent: Jan 11, 2012 12:38 AM
> To: undisclosed-recipients@null, null@null
> Subject: [ALOCHONA] Waiting for a Mahathir
>
> Waiting for a Mahathir
>
> By Hashim Ahmed
>
> The Bangladesh opposition political parties seem to have targeted May/June as the deadline for ousting the AL! regime. Why May/June? Because a new army chief will be appointed by that time and there is every possibility that Masud uddin Chowdhury (1/11 general) would be the choice for obvious reasons.
>
> A former member of the Rakkhi Bahini and loyal to the regime he is very inimical to BNP. Many feel that he was instrumental in installing the AL regime. He is still retained in the army by the grateful regime and is presently waiting in Australia.His service has been extended for the third time recently.
>
> India will also have their general elections soon.
>
> The wes tern nations led by the USA are for a regime-change but they are going slow as they do not have much trust on BNP for its relations with the Islamists. BNP is also a loose organisation and its leadership is very weak, opportunist and corrupt. Besides memories of Hawa bhaban and corruption of Tareq, Koko, Mamun et al are still vivid in people's mind. It is felt that BNP's Chittagong gathering would also be ! a failure while the Dhaka gathering is still a far cry.The West would rather wait for a popular movement paving the way for a NGO-led non-party transitional regime than return of BNP.
>
> The donor community (World Bank/IMF/IFC etc) led by USA is very unlikely to release major funds which will devastate the financial planning and budget making. This will create popular sufferings due to price rise, inflation, energy crisis added by low flow of remittance and uncontrollable law and order situation. Meanwhile Khaleda Zia and others may find themselves behind th e bar.
>
> The army is less likely to intervene directly as its leadership is handpicked and loyal. The others are still in the fearful state hunted by the memories of the BDR incidents. The West is less likely to support a direct intervention under a changed geo-political scenerio. On the other hand an India-backed intervention would not last long.
>
> It seems that the people have no alternative than to wait for a Mahathir to come to save the nation !
>
> Hashim Ahmed
> E ma! il : hashimahmed507@
>
> http://newsfrombangladesh.net/view.php?hidRecord=374339
>




__._,_.___


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[ALOCHONA] Excellent Read - Do You Have to Be Rude to Manage Like Steve Jobs?




Do You Have to Be Rude to Manage Like Steve Jobs?

By NICK BILTON|

New York Times

March 20, 2012

http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/do-you-have-to-be-rude-to-manage-like-steve-jobs/?ref=business

 

Over the years there have been questions about the management style of Steven P. Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Many have asked if Mr. Jobs was, well, to be blunt, a jerk.

 

These charges by critics stem in part from Mr. Jobs's tendency to be rude to people. It was no secret that Mr. Jobs had an outwardly aggressive penchant for control and he would often put down anyone he didn't like. Sometimes his rudeness was personal, other times business, often it was both.

 

But Walter Isaacson, author of the biography "Steve Jobs," believes Mr. Jobs is being misunderstood when people ask this question. As Mr. Isaacson writes in an article about Mr. Jobs for the Harvard Business Review: "His petulance and impatience were part and parcel of his perfectionism."

 

The article, titled "The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs," offers 14 tips and rules for being a good manager and inspiring employees to do the "unimaginable," as Mr. Jobs was unarguably capable of doing.

 

The list of management rules include: simplifying products, taking responsibility from end to end, tolerating only "A" players, focus on a few good products and, of course, bending reality.

 

Mr. Isaacson points out in the article that if Mr. Jobs had truly been a jerk, as his critics say, then he wouldn't have been able to build the most loyal and hardworking management team of any company in America.

 

"Those who did not know Jobs interpreted the Reality Distortion Field as a euphemism for bullying and lying," Mr. Isaacson writes, referring to Mr. Jobs's famous ability to make people believe almost anything by bending reality. "But those who worked with him admitted that the trait, infuriating as it might be, led them to perform extraordinary feats."

 

Mr. Isaacson refers to a conversation he had with Mr. Jobs about working only with "A" level employees. Mr. Jobs told him: "I don't think I run roughshod over people," but if something is no good, "I tell people to their face. It's my job to be honest." When Mr. Isaacson pressed Mr. Jobs if he could get the same results from employees without being so mean, Mr. Jobs respond, "But it's not who I am."

 

Managers who try to emulate Mr. Jobs by just being rude or aggressive are missing the point, Mr. Isaacson argues in the article. Mr. Jobs was striving for perfection.

 

"It's important to appreciate that Jobs's rudeness and roughness were accompanied by an ability to be inspirational," Mr. Isaacson writes. Most importantly, he aptly points out that the Apple executive team stayed with the company longer than competitors and that these employees were more loyal than other companies, even those with nicer, gentler bosses.

 

"I've learned over the years that when you have really good people, you don't have to baby them," Mr. Jobs told Mr. Isaacson. "By expecting them to do great things, you can get them to do great things."

 

It's tough to argue that Mr. Jobs was wrong. Measured by its market capitalization of more than half a trillion dollars, Apple is now the largest public company in the world. And under Mr. Jobs, the company invented and transformed the computing, music, phone, tablet, retail and publishing industries and made entire industries realize the importance of simplicity and design.

 

The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs

by Walter Isaacson

Harvard Business Review

April 2012

http://hbr.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-jobs/ar/pr

 

His saga is the entrepreneurial creation myth writ large: Steve Jobs cofounded Apple in his parents' garage in 1976, was ousted in 1985, returned to rescue it from near bankruptcy in 1997, and by the time he died, in October 2011, had built it into the world's most valuable company. Along the way he helped to transform seven industries: personal computing, animated movies, music, phones, tablet computing, retail stores, and digital publishing. He thus belongs in the pantheon of America's great innovators, along with Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, and Walt Disney. None of these men was a saint, but long after their personalities are forgotten, history will remember how they applied imagination to technology and business.

 

"The people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do."

—Apple's "Think Different" commercial, 1997

 

In the months since my biography of Jobs came out, countless commentators have tried to draw management lessons from it. Some of those readers have been insightful, but I think that many of them (especially those with no experience in entrepreneurship) fixate too much on the rough edges of his personality. The essence of Jobs, I think, is that his personality was integral to his way of doing business. He acted as if the normal rules didn't apply to him, and the passion, intensity, and extreme emotionalism he brought to everyday life were things he also poured into the products he made. His petulance and impatience were part and parcel of his perfectionism.

 

One of the last times I saw him, after I had finished writing most of the book, I asked him again about his tendency to be rough on people. "Look at the results," he replied. "These are all smart people I work with, and any of them could get a top job at another place if they were truly feeling brutalized. But they don't." Then he paused for a few moments and said, almost wistfully, "And we got some amazing things done." Indeed, he and Apple had had a string of hits over the past dozen years that was greater than that of any other innovative company in modern times: iMac, iPod, iPod nano, iTunes Store, Apple Stores, MacBook, iPhone, iPad, App Store, OS X Lion—not to mention every Pixar film. And as he battled his final illness, Jobs was surrounded by an intensely loyal cadre of colleagues who had been inspired by him for years and a very loving wife, sister, and four children.

 

So I think the real lessons from Steve Jobs have to be drawn from looking at what he actually accomplished. I once asked him what he thought was his most important creation, thinking he would answer the iPad or the Macintosh. Instead he said it was Apple the company. Making an enduring company, he said, was both far harder and more important than making a great product. How did he do it? Business schools will be studying that question a century from now. Here are what I consider the keys to his success.

 

Focus

When Jobs returned to Apple in 1997, it was producing a random array of computers and peripherals, including a dozen different versions of the Macintosh. After a few weeks of product review sessions, he'd finally had enough. "Stop!" he shouted. "This is crazy." He grabbed a Magic Marker, padded in his bare feet to a whiteboard, and drew a two-by-two grid. "Here's what we need," he declared. Atop the two columns, he wrote "Consumer" and "Pro." He labeled the two rows "Desktop" and "Portable." Their job, he told his team members, was to focus on four great products, one for each quadrant. All other products should be canceled. There was a stunned silence. But by getting Apple to focus on making just four computers, he saved the company. "Deciding what not to do is as important as deciding what to do," he told me. "That's true for companies, and it's true for products."

 

After he righted the company, Jobs began taking his "top 100" people on a retreat each year. On the last day, he would stand in front of a whiteboard (he loved whiteboards, because they gave him complete control of a situation and they engendered focus) and ask, "What are the 10 things we should be doing next?" People would fight to get their suggestions on the list. Jobs would write them down—and then cross off the ones he decreed dumb. After much jockeying, the group would come up with a list of 10. Then Jobs would slash the bottom seven and announce, "We can only do three."

 

Focus was ingrained in Jobs's personality and had been honed by his Zen training. He relentlessly filtered out what he considered distractions. Colleagues and family members would at times be exasperated as they tried to get him to deal with issues—a legal problem, a medical diagnosis—they considered important. But he would give a cold stare and refuse to shift his laserlike focus until he was ready.

 

Near the end of his life, Jobs was visited at home by Larry Page, who was about to resume control of Google, the company he had cofounded. Even though their companies were feuding, Jobs was willing to give some advice. "The main thing I stressed was focus," he recalled. Figure out what Google wants to be when it grows up, he told Page. "It's now all over the map. What are the five products you want to focus on? Get rid of the rest, because they're dragging you down. They're turning you into Microsoft. They're causing you to turn out products that are adequate but not great." Page followed the advice. In January 2012 he told employees to focus on just a few priorities, such as Android and Google+, and to make them "beautiful," the way Jobs would have done.

 

Simplify

Jobs's Zenlike ability to focus was accompanied by the related instinct to simplify things by zeroing in on their essence and eliminating unnecessary components. "Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication," declared Apple's first marketing brochure. To see what that means, compare any Apple software with, say, Microsoft Word, which keeps getting uglier and more cluttered with nonintuitive navigational ribbons and intrusive features. It is a reminder of the glory of Apple's quest for simplicity.

 

Jobs learned to admire simplicity when he was working the night shift at Atari as a college dropout. Atari's games came with no manual and needed to be uncomplicated enough that a stoned freshman could figure them out. The only instructions for its Star Trek game were: "1. Insert quarter. 2. Avoid Klingons." His love of simplicity in design was refined at design conferences he attended at the Aspen Institute in the late 1970s on a campus built in the Bauhaus style, which emphasized clean lines and functional design devoid of frills or distractions.

 

When Jobs visited Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center and saw the plans for a computer that had a graphical user interface and a mouse, he set about making the design both more intuitive (his team enabled the user to drag and drop documents and folders on a virtual desktop) and simpler. For example, the Xerox mouse had three buttons and cost $300; Jobs went to a local industrial design firm and told one of its founders, Dean Hovey, that he wanted a simple, single-button model that cost $15. Hovey complied.

 

Jobs aimed for the simplicity that comes from conquering, rather than merely ignoring, complexity. Achieving this depth of simplicity, he realized, would produce a machine that felt as if it deferred to users in a friendly way, rather than challenging them. "It takes a lot of hard work," he said, "to make something simple, to truly understand the underlying challenges and come up with elegant solutions."

 

In Jony Ive, Apple's industrial designer, Jobs met his soul mate in the quest for deep rather than superficial simplicity. They knew that simplicity is not merely a minimalist style or the removal of clutter. In order to eliminate screws, buttons, or excess navigational screens, it was necessary to understand profoundly the role each element played. "To be truly simple, you have to go really deep," Ive explained. "For example, to have no screws on something, you can end up having a product that is so convoluted and so complex. The better way is to go deeper with the simplicity, to understand everything about it and how it's manufactured."

 

During the design of the iPod interface, Jobs tried at every meeting to find ways to cut clutter. He insisted on being able to get to whatever he wanted in three clicks. One navigation screen, for example, asked users whether they wanted to search by song, album, or artist. "Why do we need that screen?" Jobs demanded. The designers realized they didn't. "There would be times when we'd rack our brains on a user interface problem, and he would go, 'Did you think of this?'" says Tony Fadell, who led the iPod team. "And then we'd all go, 'Holy shit.' He'd redefine the problem or approach, and our little problem would go away." At one point Jobs made the simplest of all suggestions: Let's get rid of the on/off button. At first the team members were taken aback, but then they realized the button was unnecessary. The device would gradually power down if it wasn't being used and would spring to life when reengaged.

 

Likewise, when Jobs was shown a cluttered set of proposed navigation screens for iDVD, which allowed users to burn video onto a disk, he jumped up and drew a simple rectangle on a whiteboard. "Here's the new application," he said. "It's got one window. You drag your video into the window. Then you click the button that says 'Burn.' That's it. That's what we're going to make."

 

In looking for industries or categories ripe for disruption, Jobs always asked who was making products more complicated than they should be. In 2001 portable music players and ways to acquire songs online fit that description, leading to the iPod and the iTunes Store. Mobile phones were next. Jobs would grab a phone at a meeting and rant (correctly) that nobody could possibly figure out how to navigate half the features, including the address book. At the end of his career he was setting his sights on the television industry, which had made it almost impossible for people to click on a simple device to watch what they wanted when they wanted.

 

Take Responsibility End to End

Jobs knew that the best way to achieve simplicity was to make sure that hardware, software, and peripheral devices were seamlessly integrated. An Apple ecosystem—an iPod connected to a Mac with iTunes software, for example—allowed devices to be simpler, syncing to be smoother, and glitches to be rarer. The more complex tasks, such as making new playlists, could be done on the computer, allowing the iPod to have fewer functions and buttons.

 

Jobs and Apple took end-to-end responsibility for the user experience—something too few companies do. From the performance of the ARM microprocessor in the iPhone to the act of buying that phone in an Apple Store, every aspect of the customer experience was tightly linked together. Both Microsoft in the 1980s and Google in the past few years have taken a more open approach that allows their operating systems and software to be used by various hardware manufacturers. That has sometimes proved the better business model. But Jobs fervently believed that it was a recipe for (to use his technical term) crappier products. "People are busy," he said. "They have other things to do than think about how to integrate their computers and devices."

 

Being in the Apple ecosystem could be as sublime as walking in one of the Zen gardens of Kyoto that Jobs loved.

 

Part of Jobs's compulsion to take responsibility for what he called "the whole widget" stemmed from his personality, which was very controlling. But it was also driven by his passion for perfection and making elegant products. He got hives, or worse, when contemplating the use of great Apple software on another company's uninspired hardware, and he was equally allergic to the thought that unapproved apps or content might pollute the perfection of an Apple device. It was an approach that did not always maximize short-term profits, but in a world filled with junky devices, inscrutable error messages, and annoying interfaces, it led to astonishing products marked by delightful user experiences. Being in the Apple ecosystem could be as sublime as walking in one of the Zen gardens of Kyoto that Jobs loved, and neither experience was created by worshipping at the altar of openness or by letting a thousand flowers bloom. Sometimes it's nice to be in the hands of a control freak.

 

When Behind, Leapfrog

The mark of an innovative company is not only that it comes up with new ideas first. It also knows how to leapfrog when it finds itself behind. That happened when Jobs built the original iMac. He focused on making it useful for managing a user's photos and videos, but it was left behind when dealing with music. People with PCs were downloading and swapping music and then ripping and burning their own CDs. The iMac's slot drive couldn't burn CDs. "I felt like a dope," he said. "I thought we had missed it."

 

But instead of merely catching up by upgrading the iMac's CD drive, he decided to create an integrated system that would transform the music industry. The result was the combination of iTunes, the iTunes Store, and the iPod, which allowed users to buy, share, manage, store, and play music better than they could with any other devices.

 

After the iPod became a huge success, Jobs spent little time relishing it. Instead he began to worry about what might endanger it. One possibility was that mobile phone makers would start adding music players to their handsets. So he cannibalized iPod sales by creating the iPhone. "If we don't cannibalize ourselves, someone else will," he said.

 

Put Products Before Profits

When Jobs and his small team designed the original Macintosh, in the early 1980s, his injunction was to make it "insanely great." He never spoke of profit maximization or cost trade-offs. "Don't worry about price, just specify the computer's abilities," he told the original team leader. At his first retreat with the Macintosh team, he began by writing a maxim on his whiteboard: "Don't compromise." The machine that resulted cost too much and led to Jobs's ouster from Apple. But the Macintosh also "put a dent in the universe," as he said, by accelerating the home computer revolution. And in the long run he got the balance right: Focus on making the product great and the profits will follow.

 

John Sculley, who ran Apple from 1983 to 1993, was a marketing and sales executive from Pepsi. He focused more on profit maximization than on product design after Jobs left, and Apple gradually declined. "I have my own theory about why decline happens at companies," Jobs told me: They make some great products, but then the sales and marketing people take over the company, because they are the ones who can juice up profits. "When the sales guys run the company, the product guys don't matter so much, and a lot of them just turn off. It happened at Apple when Sculley came in, which was my fault, and it happened when Ballmer took over at Microsoft."

 

When Jobs returned, he shifted Apple's focus back to making innovative products: the sprightly iMac, the PowerBook, and then the iPod, the iPhone, and the iPad. As he explained, "My passion has been to build an enduring company where people were motivated to make great products. Everything else was secondary. Sure, it was great to make a profit, because that was what allowed you to make great products. But the products, not the profits, were the motivation. Sculley flipped these priorities to where the goal was to make money. It's a subtle difference, but it ends up meaning everything—the people you hire, who gets promoted, what you discuss in meetings."

 

Don't Be a Slave To Focus Groups

When Jobs took his original Macintosh team on its first retreat, one member asked whether they should do some market research to see what customers wanted. "No," Jobs replied, "because customers don't know what they want until we've shown them." He invoked Henry Ford's line "If I'd asked customers what they wanted, they would have told me, 'A faster horse!'"

 

Caring deeply about what customers want is much different from continually asking them what they want; it requires intuition and instinct about desires that have not yet formed. "Our task is to read things that are not yet on the page," Jobs explained. Instead of relying on market research, he honed his version of empathy—an intimate intuition about the desires of his customers. He developed his appreciation for intuition—feelings that are based on accumulated experiential wisdom—while he was studying Buddhism in India as a college dropout. "The people in the Indian countryside don't use their intellect like we do; they use their intuition instead," he recalled. "Intuition is a very powerful thing—more powerful than intellect, in my opinion."

 

Sometimes that meant that Jobs used a one-person focus group: himself. He made products that he and his friends wanted. For example, there were many portable music players around in 2000, but Jobs felt they were all lame, and as a music fanatic he wanted a simple device that would allow him to carry a thousand songs in his pocket. "We made the iPod for ourselves," he said, "and when you're doing something for yourself, or your best friend or family, you're not going to cheese out."

 

Bend Reality

Jobs's (in)famous ability to push people to do the impossible was dubbed by colleagues his Reality Distortion Field, after an episode of Star Trek in which aliens create a convincing alternative reality through sheer mental force. An early example was when Jobs was on the night shift at Atari and pushed Steve Wozniak to create a game called Breakout. Woz said it would take months, but Jobs stared at him and insisted he could do it in four days. Woz knew that was impossible, but he ended up doing it.

 

Jobs's (in)famous ability to push people to do the impossible was dubbed by colleagues his Reality Distortion Field, after an episode of Star Trek.

 

Those who did not know Jobs interpreted the Reality Distortion Field as a euphemism for bullying and lying. But those who worked with him admitted that the trait, infuriating as it might be, led them to perform extraordinary feats. Because Jobs felt that life's ordinary rules didn't apply to him, he could inspire his team to change the course of computer history with a small fraction of the resources that Xerox or IBM had. "It was a self-fulfilling distortion," recalls Debi Coleman, a member of the original Mac team who won an award one year for being the employee who best stood up to Jobs. "You did the impossible because you didn't realize it was impossible."

 

One day Jobs marched into the cubicle of Larry Kenyon, the engineer who was working on the Macintosh operating system, and complained that it was taking too long to boot up. Kenyon started to explain why reducing the boot-up time wasn't possible, but Jobs cut him off. "If it would save a person's life, could you find a way to shave 10 seconds off the boot time?" he asked. Kenyon allowed that he probably could. Jobs went to a whiteboard and showed that if five million people were using the Mac and it took 10 seconds extra to turn it on every day, that added up to 300 million or so hours a year—the equivalent of at least 100 lifetimes a year. After a few weeks Kenyon had the machine booting up 28 seconds faster.

 

When Jobs was designing the iPhone, he decided that he wanted its face to be a tough, scratchproof glass, rather than plastic. He met with Wendell Weeks, the CEO of Corning, who told him that Corning had developed a chemical exchange process in the 1960s that led to what it dubbed "Gorilla glass." Jobs replied that he wanted a major shipment of Gorilla glass in six months. Weeks said that Corning was not making the glass and didn't have that capacity. "Don't be afraid," Jobs replied. This stunned Weeks, who was unfamiliar with Jobs's Reality Distortion Field. He tried to explain that a false sense of confidence would not overcome engineering challenges, but Jobs had repeatedly shown that he didn't accept that premise. He stared unblinking at Weeks. "Yes, you can do it," he said. "Get your mind around it. You can do it." Weeks recalls that he shook his head in astonishment and then called the managers of Corning's facility in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, which had been making LCD displays, and told them to convert immediately to making Gorilla glass full-time. "We did it in under six months," he says. "We put our best scientists and engineers on it, and we just made it work." As a result, every piece of glass on an iPhone or an iPad is made in America by Corning.

 

Impute

Jobs's early mentor Mike Markkula wrote him a memo in 1979 that urged three principles. The first two were "empathy" and "focus." The third was an awkward word, "impute," but it became one of Jobs's key doctrines. He knew that people form an opinion about a product or a company on the basis of how it is presented and packaged. "Mike taught me that people do judge a book by its cover," he told me.

 

When he was getting ready to ship the Macintosh in 1984, he obsessed over the colors and design of the box. Similarly, he personally spent time designing and redesigning the jewellike boxes that cradle the iPod and the iPhone and listed himself on the patents for them. He and Ive believed that unpacking was a ritual like theater and heralded the glory of the product. "When you open the box of an iPhone or iPad, we want that tactile experience to set the tone for how you perceive the product," Jobs said.

 

Sometimes Jobs used the design of a machine to "impute" a signal rather than to be merely functional. For example, when he was creating the new and playful iMac, after his return to Apple, he was shown a design by Ive that had a little recessed handle nestled in the top. It was more semiotic than useful. This was a desktop computer. Not many people were really going to carry it around. But Jobs and Ive realized that a lot of people were still intimidated by computers. If it had a handle, the new machine would seem friendly, deferential, and at one's service. The handle signaled permission to touch the iMac. The manufacturing team was opposed to the extra cost, but Jobs simply announced, "No, we're doing this." He didn't even try to explain.

 

Push for Perfection

During the development of almost every product he ever created, Jobs at a certain point "hit the pause button" and went back to the drawing board because he felt it wasn't perfect. That happened even with the movie Toy Story. After Jeff Katzenberg and the team at Disney, which had bought the rights to the movie, pushed the Pixar team to make it edgier and darker, Jobs and the director, John Lasseter, finally stopped production and rewrote the story to make it friendlier. When he was about to launch Apple Stores, he and his store guru, Ron Johnson, suddenly decided to delay everything a few months so that the stores' layouts could be reorganized around activities and not just product categories.

 

The same was true for the iPhone. The initial design had the glass screen set into an aluminum case. One Monday morning Jobs went over to see Ive. "I didn't sleep last night," he said, "because I realized that I just don't love it." Ive, to his dismay, instantly saw that Jobs was right. "I remember feeling absolutely embarrassed that he had to make the observation," he says. The problem was that the iPhone should have been all about the display, but in its current design the case competed with the display instead of getting out of the way. The whole device felt too masculine, task-driven, efficient. "Guys, you've killed yourselves over this design for the last nine months, but we're going to change it," Jobs told Ive's team. "We're all going to have to work nights and weekends, and if you want, we can hand out some guns so you can kill us now." Instead of balking, the team agreed. "It was one of my proudest moments at Apple," Jobs recalled.

 

A similar thing happened as Jobs and Ive were finishing the iPad. At one point Jobs looked at the model and felt slightly dissatisfied. It didn't seem casual and friendly enough to scoop up and whisk away. They needed to signal that you could grab it with one hand, on impulse. They decided that the bottom edge should be slightly rounded, so that a user would feel comfortable just snatching it up rather than lifting it carefully. That meant engineering had to design the necessary connection ports and buttons in a thin, simple lip that sloped away gently underneath. Jobs delayed the product until the change could be made.

 

Jobs's perfectionism extended even to the parts unseen. As a young boy, he had helped his father build a fence around their backyard, and he was told they had to use just as much care on the back of the fence as on the front. "Nobody will ever know," Steve said. His father replied, "But you will know." A true craftsman uses a good piece of wood even for the back of a cabinet against the wall, his father explained, and they should do the same for the back of the fence. It was the mark of an artist to have such a passion for perfection. In overseeing the Apple II and the Macintosh, Jobs applied this lesson to the circuit board inside the machine. In both instances he sent the engineers back to make the chips line up neatly so the board would look nice. This seemed particularly odd to the engineers of the Macintosh, because Jobs had decreed that the machine be tightly sealed. "Nobody is going to see the PC board," one of them protested. Jobs reacted as his father had: "I want it to be as beautiful as possible, even if it's inside the box. A great carpenter isn't going to use lousy wood for the back of a cabinet, even though nobody's going to see it." They were true artists, he said, and should act that way. And once the board was redesigned, he had the engineers and other members of the Macintosh team sign their names so that they could be engraved inside the case. "Real artists sign their work," he said.

 

Tolerate Only "A" Players

Jobs was famously impatient, petulant, and tough with the people around him. But his treatment of people, though not laudable, emanated from his passion for perfection and his desire to work with only the best. It was his way of preventing what he called "the bozo explosion," in which managers are so polite that mediocre people feel comfortable sticking around. "I don't think I run roughshod over people," he said, "but if something sucks, I tell people to their face. It's my job to be honest." When I pressed him on whether he could have gotten the same results while being nicer, he said perhaps so. "But it's not who I am," he said. "Maybe there's a better way—a gentlemen's club where we all wear ties and speak in this Brahmin language and velvet code words—but I don't know that way, because I am middle-class from California."

 

Was all his stormy and abusive behavior necessary? Probably not. There were other ways he could have motivated his team. "Steve's contributions could have been made without so many stories about him terrorizing folks," Apple's cofounder, Wozniak, said. "I like being more patient and not having so many conflicts. I think a company can be a good family." But then he added something that is undeniably true: "If the Macintosh project had been run my way, things probably would have been a mess."

 

It's important to appreciate that Jobs's rudeness and roughness were accompanied by an ability to be inspirational. He infused Apple employees with an abiding passion to create groundbreaking products and a belief that they could accomplish what seemed impossible. And we have to judge him by the outcome. Jobs had a close-knit family, and so it was at Apple: His top players tended to stick around longer and be more loyal than those at other companies, including ones led by bosses who were kinder and gentler. CEOs who study Jobs and decide to emulate his roughness without understanding his ability to generate loyalty make a dangerous mistake.

 

"I've learned over the years that when you have really good people, you don't have to baby them," Jobs told me. "By expecting them to do great things, you can get them to do great things. Ask any member of that Mac team. They will tell you it was worth the pain." Most of them do. "He would shout at a meeting, 'You asshole, you never do anything right,'" Debi Coleman recalls. "Yet I consider myself the absolute luckiest person in the world to have worked with him."

 

Engage Face-to-Face

Despite being a denizen of the digital world, or maybe because he knew all too well its potential to be isolating, Jobs was a strong believer in face-to-face meetings. "There's a temptation in our networked age to think that ideas can be developed by e-mail and iChat," he told me. "That's crazy. Creativity comes from spontaneous meetings, from random discussions. You run into someone, you ask what they're doing, you say 'Wow,' and soon you're cooking up all sorts of ideas."

 

He had the Pixar building designed to promote unplanned encounters and collaborations. "If a building doesn't encourage that, you'll lose a lot of innovation and the magic that's sparked by serendipity," he said. "So we designed the building to make people get out of their offices and mingle in the central atrium with people they might not otherwise see." The front doors and main stairs and corridors all led to the atrium; the café and the mailboxes were there; the conference rooms had windows that looked out onto it; and the 600-seat theater and two smaller screening rooms all spilled into it. "Steve's theory worked from day one," Lasseter recalls. "I kept running into people I hadn't seen for months. I've never seen a building that promoted collaboration and creativity as well as this one."

 

Jobs hated formal presentations, but he loved freewheeling face-to-face meetings. He gathered his executive team every week to kick around ideas without a formal agenda, and he spent every Wednesday afternoon doing the same with his marketing and advertising team. Slide shows were banned. "I hate the way people use slide presentations instead of thinking," Jobs recalled. "People would confront a problem by creating a presentation. I wanted them to engage, to hash things out at the table, rather than show a bunch of slides. People who know what they're talking about don't need PowerPoint."

 

Know Both the Big Picture and the Details

Jobs's passion was applied to issues both large and minuscule. Some CEOs are great at vision; others are managers who know that God is in the details. Jobs was both. Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes says that one of Jobs's salient traits was his ability and desire to envision overarching strategy while also focusing on the tiniest aspects of design. For example, in 2000 he came up with the grand vision that the personal computer should become a "digital hub" for managing all of a user's music, videos, photos, and content, and thus got Apple into the personal-device business with the iPod and then the iPad. In 2010 he came up with the successor strategy—the "hub" would move to the cloud—and Apple began building a huge server farm so that all a user's content could be uploaded and then seamlessly synced to other personal devices. But even as he was laying out these grand visions, he was fretting over the shape and color of the screws inside the iMac.

 

Combine the Humanities with the Sciences

"I always thought of myself as a humanities person as a kid, but I liked electronics," Jobs told me on the day he decided to cooperate on a biography. "Then I read something that one of my heroes, Edwin Land of Polaroid, said about the importance of people who could stand at the intersection of humanities and sciences, and I decided that's what I wanted to do." It was as if he was describing the theme of his life, and the more I studied him, the more I realized that this was, indeed, the essence of his tale.

 

No one else in our era could better firewire together poetry and processors in a way that jolted innovation.

 

He connected the humanities to the sciences, creativity to technology, arts to engineering. There were greater technologists (Wozniak, Gates), and certainly better designers and artists. But no one else in our era could better firewire together poetry and processors in a way that jolted innovation. And he did it with an intuitive feel for business strategy. At almost every product launch over the past decade, Jobs ended with a slide that showed a sign at the intersection of Liberal Arts and Technology Streets.

 

The creativity that can occur when a feel for both the humanities and the sciences exists in one strong personality was what most interested me in my biographies of Franklin and Einstein, and I believe that it will be a key to building innovative economies in the 21st century. It is the essence of applied imagination, and it's why both the humanities and the sciences are critical for any society that is to have a creative edge in the future.

 

Even when he was dying, Jobs set his sights on disrupting more industries. He had a vision for turning textbooks into artistic creations that anyone with a Mac could fashion and craft—something that Apple announced in January 2012. He also dreamed of producing magical tools for digital photography and ways to make television simple and personal. Those, no doubt, will come as well. And even though he will not be around to see them to fruition, his rules for success helped him build a company that not only will create these and other disruptive products, but will stand at the intersection of creativity and technology as long as Jobs's DNA persists at its core.

 

Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish

Steve Jobs was a product of the two great social movements that emanated from the San Francisco Bay Area in the late 1960s. The first was the counterculture of hippies and antiwar activists, which was marked by psychedelic drugs, rock music, and antiauthoritarianism. The second was the high-tech and hacker culture of Silicon Valley, filled with engineers, geeks, wireheads, phreakers, cyberpunks, hobbyists, and garage entrepreneurs. Overlying both were various paths to personal enlightenment—Zen and Hinduism, meditation and yoga, primal scream therapy and sensory deprivation, Esalen and est.

 

An admixture of these cultures was found in publications such as Stewart Brand's Whole Earth Catalog. On its first cover was the famous picture of Earth taken from space, and its subtitle was "access to tools." The underlying philosophy was that technology could be our friend. Jobs—who became a hippie, a rebel, a spiritual seeker, a phone phreaker, and an electronic hobbyist all wrapped into one—was a fan. He was particularly taken by the final issue, which came out in 1971, when he was still in high school. He took it with him to college and then to the apple farm commune where he lived after dropping out. He later recalled: "On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: 'Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.'" Jobs stayed hungry and foolish throughout his career by making sure that the business and engineering aspect of his personality was always complemented by a hippie nonconformist side from his days as an artistic, acid-dropping, enlightenment-seeking rebel. In every aspect of his life—the women he dated, the way he dealt with his cancer diagnosis, the way he ran his business—his behavior reflected the contradictions, confluence, and eventual synthesis of all these varying strands.

 

Even as Apple became corporate, Jobs asserted his rebel and counterculture streak in its ads, as if to proclaim that he was still a hacker and a hippie at heart. The famous "1984" ad showed a renegade woman outrunning the thought police to sling a sledgehammer at the screen of an Orwellian Big Brother. And when he returned to Apple, Jobs helped write the text for the "Think Different" ads: "Here's to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The troublemakers. The round pegs in the square holes…" If there was any doubt that, consciously or not, he was describing himself, he dispelled it with the last lines: "While some see them as the crazy ones, we see genius. Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do."



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