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Sunday, April 10, 2016

[mukto-mona] RE: Please read



Good article. Yes, সংখ্যালঘু নির্যাতন যেদিকে মোড় নিচ্ছে, তা ফেরাতে না পারলে বা সরকার ত্বরিত ব্যবস্থা না নিলে পরিস্থিতি নিয়ন্ত্রনের বাইরে চলে যেতে পারে। And yes, although I do not believe in the term "Minority Citizens" but the oppression on Hindus/minorities reached intolerable proportions - we need a Minority Ministry headed by a Minority Minister.

২মিনিটেরও কম সময়ের মধ্যে ২৮ বছরের পুরানো মামলাটি আদালত খারিজ করে দেয় – Because there is a process of initiating such a case that was violated – so the judges were bound to reject the case in 2 min because it lacked legal legitimacy.  

Best.

 

Hasan Mahmud.

 

 

From: Sitangshu Guha [mailto:guhasb@gmail.com]
Sent: Monday, April 04, 2016 10:45 PM
To: Khobor; mokto mona
Subject: Please read

 

SitangshuGuha 646-696-5569

 

মোদী এবং আমাদের রাষ্ট্রধর্ম 

পশ্চিমবঙ্গে বিধানসভা নির্বাচন

​আসন্ন। 

ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী এসেছিলেন বিজেপি'র পক্ষে নির্বাচনী প্রচারণা চালাতে। খরগ্পুরে এক সভায় তিনি বক্তব্য দিচ্ছিলেন। এ সময় পাশের মসজিদ থেকে আযানের সুর ভেসে আসে। তিনি মাইক বন্ধ করে দেন, শ্রোতাদের শান্ত থাকতে ইঙ্গিত করেন। এভাবে সাড়ে পাঁচ মিনিট কাটে। আযান শেষ হয়, মাইক হাতে নিয়ে মোদী বলেন, আমাদের জন্যে কারো উপাসনায় বা প্রার্থনায় যাতে অসুবিধা নাহয় সেজন্যে কিছু সময় বিরতি দিয়েছি। 

বাংলাদেশ হাইকোর্ট সদ্য মাত্র ২মিনিটের মধ্যে 'রাষ্ট্রধর্ম' মামলাটি বাতিল করে দিয়েছেন। কেউ কেউ বলছেন, একটি খোড়া যুক্তিতে সেটি বাতিল করা হয়েছে। নিউইয়র্ক টাইমস ২৮শে মার্চ বলেছে, ২মিনিটেরও কম সময়ের মধ্যে ২৮ বছরের পুরানো মামলাটি আদালত খারিজ করে দেয়। বিশ্বখ্যাত এ পত্রিকাটি লিখেছে, কৌসুলিরা তখনো ঠিকমত বসেননি, তার আগেই মামলা শেষ! যারা এরশাদ আমলের হল-হকিকত খবর রাখতেন, তারা জানেন, একটি ভোটারবিহীন সংসদে মাত্র দশ মিনিটের মধ্যে লম্পট এরশাদ জাতির কপালে 'রাষ্ট্রধর্ম' নামক জঞ্জাল চাপিয়ে দেয়! জাতি আজো সেইভার বহন করে চলেছে। 

মোদীর ঘটনাটি গণতন্ত্রে অন্যকে সন্মান প্রদর্শনের দৃষ্টান্ত। এরশাদের অপকর্মটি অন্যকে অসন্মান বা জাতিকে বিভক্ত করার উদাহরণ। ঐসময় রাষ্ট্রধর্ম কেউ মেনে নেয়নি, যদিও জোরালো প্রতিবাদ হয়নি। আওয়ামী লীগ বা বিএনপি অথবা শেখ হাসিনা ও খালেদা জিয়া এর বিপক্ষে ছিলেন, বিবৃতি দিয়েছেন। সময়ের বিবর্তনে ২৮ বছর বাদে এরশাদ-হাসিনা-খালেদা তিনজনই এখন এরপক্ষে। একেই বলে রাজনীতি। এরশাদ বা খালেদা জিয়ার রাজনীতিতে ধর্ম পণ্য হিসাবে সর্বদা ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে বা হবে। কিন্তু আওয়ামী রাজনীতিতে ধর্ম নুতন পণ্য। শাহরিয়ার কবির সদ্য বলেছেন, রাষ্ট্রধর্ম পাকিস্তানকে ধ্বংসের দ্বারপ্রান্তে নিয়ে গেছে। যদি তাই হয়, তাহলে রাষ্ট্রধর্ম বা ধর্মভিত্তিক রাজনীতি বাংলাদেশকেও ধ্বংসের মুখোমুখি দাড় করাবে। 

হাইকোর্ট রাষ্ট্রধর্ম মামলাটি বাতিল করে দেয়ার পর আমরা মৌলবাদীদের উচ্ছাস দেখেছি, নিউইয়র্ক টাইমসে মোল্লাদের ছবি ছাপা হয়েছে। আমরা কিন্তু সুশীল সমাজের কোন প্রতিক্রিয়া দেখিনি। আগের দিন জননেত্রী শেখ হাসিনা বিবিসি-কে বলেছিলেন যে, তার সরকার ও দল রাষ্ট্রধর্ম বাতিলের পক্ষে নয়; আমাদের সুশীলরা কি একারণেই চুপ? ক্ষমতার ভারসাম্য বজায় রাখতে মাননীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে হয়তো অনেক কথাই বলতে হয়, সব তার মনের কথা নাও হতে পারে, কিন্তু সুশীলরা একেবারে মুখে কলুপ দিয়ে বসে থাকবেন? ঠিক এই সময় সুইডেনে বসে শাহরিয়ার কবির বললেন, রাষ্ট্রধর্ম মামলাটি বাতিল হয়ে যাওয়া অত্যন্ত দুর্ভাগ্যজনক তিনি আরো বললেনরাষ্ট্রধর্ম বাতিলের সংগ্রাম অব্যাহত থাকবে এবং তারা হাইকোর্টের আদেশের বিরুদ্ধে সুপ্রিমকোর্টে আপীল করবেন 

প্রগতিশীল শক্তি ঠিক একথাই শুনতে অপেক্ষা করছিলেন, শাহরিয়ার কবীরকে ধন্যবাদ সেই কথাটি শোনানোর জন্যে শাহরিয়ার কবীর আরো বলেছেন, সুপ্রিমকোর্ট স্বাধীন আমরা আশাবাদী শাহরিয়ার কবির বলেন, রাষ্ট্রধর্ম কোন সভ্য দেশে থাকতে পারেনা তিনি রাষ্ট্রধর্মের বিরুদ্ধে সংগ্রাম অব্যাহত রাখার প্রত্যয় ব্যক্ত করে বলেনরাষ্ট্রধর্ম মুক্তিযুদ্ধের চেতনার পরিপন্থী স্বাধীন বাংলাদেশের পরিপন্থী শাহরিয়ার কবির যতটা স্পস্ট করে জোরের সাথে কথাগুলো বলছেন, অন্যরা তা বলছেন না কেন? রাষ্ট্রধর্মের বিরুদ্ধে বলা, ধর্মের বিরুদ্ধে বলা নয়, বরং রাষ্ট্র ধর্ম দু'টোর পক্ষে কথা বলা; কারণ রাষ্ট্রধর্ম রাষ্ট্র ধর্ম- দু'টোর জন্যেই ক্ষতিকর প্রমানের প্রয়োজন নেই, রাষ্ট্রধর্ম যেসব দেশে আছে, সবগুলো দেশ অন্যের মুখাপেক্ষী বা অন্যের দয়ায় বেচে আছে আমরা চাইনা বাংলাদেশ অন্যের দয়ায় বেচে থাকুক, তাই চাই 'ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ গণতন্ত্র' 

শাহরিয়ার কবীর আরো বলেছেন, সংখ্যালঘু' অধিকার বা নারীর অধিকারই মানবাধিকার আমার মতে বাংলাদেশে এখন দু'টো চরমভাবে লঙ্ঘিত সংখ্যালঘু নির্যাতনের ঘটনার খবর প্রতিদিন বেড়েই চলেছে আর ধর্ষণের যেন উত্সব চলছে এরমধ্যে মন্ত্রী নির্লজ্জের মত বলছেন, দু'চারটে ধর্ষণের ঘটনায় আইনশৃঙ্খলা পরিস্থিতি নষ্ট হয়ে যায়না! মন্ত্রীকে বলবো, ধর্ষিতাকে নিজের মেয়ে ভাবুন, হয়তো তখন তার মর্মবেদনা বুঝতে পারবেন বন্ধ করুন ধর্ষণ বিচার করুন প্রতিটি ঘটনার না পারলে সরকারকে অকার্যকর করার দায়ে আপনিই অভিযুক্ত হবেন বাংলাদেশে সংখ্যালঘুদের সামগ্রিক অবস্থা এখন যেকোন সময়ের চেয়ে খারাপ অবস্থার উন্নয়নে শাহরিয়ার কবির আপনাদের তিনটি প্রস্তাব আগেই দিয়েছেন, ওগুলো বিবেচনা করুন 

যুদ্ধাপরাধীদের বিচারের পক্ষে এবং জামাতের বিপক্ষে শাহরিয়ার কবীরের অবস্থান সুস্পস্ট সংখ্যালঘু' পক্ষেও তার ভয়েস সুউচ্চ তিনি বা তার সংগঠন তিনটি প্রস্তাব রেখেছেন, যা মূলত: সখ্যালোঘুদেরও প্রানের দাবী, সেগুলো হচ্ছে: () সংখ্যালঘু সুরক্ষা আইন () ন্যাশনাল মাইনরিটি কমিশন এবং () পৃথক সংখ্যালঘু মন্ত্রনালয় এর ব্যাখ্যায় তিনি বলেছেনপ্রচলিত আইনে সকল অপরাধীর বিচার করা যাচ্ছেনা, তাই সংখ্যালঘু সুরক্ষা আইন চাই তিনি বলেন, ১৪ দলের কমিশন দিয়ে কাজ হবেনা, তাই জাতীয় সংখ্যালঘু কমিশন দিতে হবে তারমতে পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামের জন্যে পৃথক মন্ত্রনালয় থাকলে ১০% সংখ্যালঘুর জন্যে মন্ত্রনালয় থাকবে না কেন? সংখ্যালঘু নির্যাতন যেদিকে মোড় নিচ্ছে, তা ফেরাতে না পারলে বা সরকার ত্বরিত ব্যবস্থা না নিলে পরিস্থিতি নিয়ন্ত্রনের বাইরে চলে যেতে পারে 

শিতাংশু গুহ, কলাম লেখক  

নিউইয়র্ক, ৩রা এপ্রিল ২০১৬

 

 

 

 

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Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force



Yes, I meant to say that - caste-system is almost non-existent. Thank you.
I am sure caste-system still exists in peoples' mind, but it has lost its past glory. I would not call caste-system as communality, because caste-system is an intra-commune system. Also, hatred within the caste system flows in all directions; even Shudras hate non-Shudras as well.
I know a case, where a Brahmin girl, from a very prominent progressive family, fell in love with a highly educated Shudra boy. When girl's family agreed to their marriage, boy's family and his society was against it. Even people demonstrated in front of boy's home. Fortunately, those two families finally agreed, and the marriage ceremony went through. So, the caste hatred is a complicated issue.
Here, I am talking about the communality that is causing religious persecution and murder.
Jiten Roy





From: "Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 8:23 PM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Yes, Dr. Roy, I was not talking about the state of the caste system now. I was talking about the past where the caste system was certainly a big factor in the birth and continuation of sectarian hatred (aka: communalism) in the subcontinent. By the way, the caste system is hardly almost non-existent now. (I suppose you meant "almost non-existent now", but actually wrote "almost existent now".) Even among the urban elite, including some PhD degree holders that hold good positions in the USA, it still exists. It certainly very much exists in a lot of places in India.

Religion peddlers are not the only species to blame here. Without serious beliefs in the religious nonsense among the population at large, the peddlers could not be very successful, could they? If there were no fools, who could the crooks fool?
SuBain

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On Sunday, April 10, 2016 1:03 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 
Caste system is a dying concept now. As, the so called, backward class gets education and other opportunities, which they will, the natural force will take care of the class system.  
Dr. Bain is talking about half a century old perception that is almost existent now. The concept of religious identity is the source of communality; attention needs to be focused on that front.
As I see – religion and religious identity are two separate entities. Religion is a belief system, which has nothing to do with changing one's identity, as it does now. We should have only one identity, and that is – we are human, and human may have many beliefs; religion or lack thereof is one such belief. That's all.
Unfortunately, religion-peddlers needed to introduce religious identity with each religion to serve their interests. That process has divided human race into various communes, and introduced communality.
I understand, the natural tendency of all species is to form commune, but, human beings may have taken this tendency into extreme - by dividing the race into millions of communes and sub-communes; human race has lost equilibrium now.
When equilibrium is broken, nature will take its turn to attain equilibrium. That process has started; it will go on until we all become human again. 
Jiten Roy  
 



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From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...










From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app






Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 8:23 PM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Yes, Dr. Roy, I was not talking about the state of the caste system now. I was talking about the past where the caste system was certainly a big factor in the birth and continuation of sectarian hatred (aka: communalism) in the subcontinent. By the way, the caste system is hardly almost non-existent now. (I suppose you meant "almost non-existent now", but actually wrote "almost existent now".) Even among the urban elite, including some PhD degree holders that hold good positions in the USA, it still exists. It certainly very much exists in a lot of places in India.

Religion peddlers are not the only species to blame here. Without serious beliefs in the religious nonsense among the population at large, the peddlers could not be very successful, could they? If there were no fools, who could the crooks fool?
SuBain

=============================

On Sunday, April 10, 2016 1:03 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 
Caste system is a dying concept now. As, the so called, backward class gets education and other opportunities, which they will, the natural force will take care of the class system.  
Dr. Bain is talking about half a century old perception that is almost existent now. The concept of religious identity is the source of communality; attention needs to be focused on that front.
As I see – religion and religious identity are two separate entities. Religion is a belief system, which has nothing to do with changing one's identity, as it does now. We should have only one identity, and that is – we are human, and human may have many beliefs; religion or lack thereof is one such belief. That's all.
Unfortunately, religion-peddlers needed to introduce religious identity with each religion to serve their interests. That process has divided human race into various communes, and introduced communality.
I understand, the natural tendency of all species is to form commune, but, human beings may have taken this tendency into extreme - by dividing the race into millions of communes and sub-communes; human race has lost equilibrium now.
When equilibrium is broken, nature will take its turn to attain equilibrium. That process has started; it will go on until we all become human again. 
Jiten Roy  
 



Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...










From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app

From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 10, 2016 2:06 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Ronald Inden, a Chicago based Indologist, wrote Hindu caste system was the product of Turkish rule in India. Earlier caste was based on profession, later it was inherited by birth. However, in this backward society even my students of Brahman ancestry bow down to pick dust from my toe, an act otherwise known as pranama.

On Thu, Apr 7, 2016 at 7:55 AM, Sukhamaya Bain subain1@yahoo.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
"Communalism was born out of colonial policy...." - A piece of rubbish by Romila Thapar.

"We have to recognise that we too, like every other society with a long past, have not been a society characterized by tolerance and non-violence. However much we may wish to believe that we were tolerant and non-violent, it simply isn't true." - Some sense by Romila Thapar.

Did the colonial rulers create the caste system? Did the colonial rulers write the Koran that clearly despises idolatry (Hinduism)? "We too" is a terrible understatement. "We" - our ancestors, were the core problem. The solution is nothing short of burning much of the religious rubbish that made our ancestors hateful.

Here is a nonviolent one: When a so-called high caste Hindu had to take a bath just because he touched the shadow of a Muslim or of a so-called low-caste Hindu, you think that was not hatred?

Sukhamaya Bain

=======================================


On Wednesday, April 6, 2016 8:36 PM, "Jiten Roy jnrsr53@yahoo.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 

Religion is the mother of communalism. However, on some special circumstances, nationalism can blanket communalism, as did during the liberation of India from British Colonialism, and also during the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the time, nationalism remains dormant, but, communalism is active 24/7. That's why - fighting communalism with nationalism, and Ms. Romila Thapar is trying to do, does not work. As you know, right after the liberation of India and Bangladesh, communalism lifted its ugly head, and remains prominent even today. Communalism will not go away as long as religion is there in the society. To fight communalism, one must fight religion. 
Jiten Roy




From: "Kamal Das kamalctgu@gmail.com [mukto-mona]" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1:57 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] Religion-based Nationalism is back in Full Force

 
Lopsided view.

On Mon, Apr 4, 2016 at 5:35 PM, Farida Majid farida_majid@hotmail.com [mukto-mona] <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
 
আমি যে মহা অাপত্তি তুলি ইংরেজের তৈরী ধর্মভিত্তিক আদমশুমারির বিরূদ্ধে যার উপর নির্ভর করে আমরা "সংখ্যালঘু/সংখ্যাগুরু" হিসাব নিয়ে মাথা ফাটাই, দেশ বিভাগ করি -- কেন করি? উপমহাদেশের সর্বজনশ্রদ্ধেয় ঐতিহাসিক রোমিলা থাপার সেই কথার ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন সহজ করে - - সকলে পড়ুন, এবং সত্য তথ্যগুলো স্মরণে রাখুন - -

<< The two-nation theory fueled communalism, assisted by another colonial contribution which was the Census that led to describing Indian society as consisting of a majority community and minority communities. To this was added the colonial theory of the foundation of Indian civilisation being the Aryanism of the Vedas. This contributed to the concept of the nation as a Hindu Rashtra and the Hindu therefore being the primary citizen of India. >>


alt
Image: The Hindu  
In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all-inclusive, anti-colonialism nationalism that brought us independence, would, despite Partition, be firmly established. This was in some ways such a firm belief that it was not thought necessary to specify the inclusion of secularism in the Constitution at the initial stage.  This has not happened. Religion as political mobilisation, and religion-based identity as the core of nationalism, sometimes called communalism, is back in full force.
Image: The Hindu In the 1960s we were confident that the use of religion for political mobilisation would decline because nationalism, namely, the secular, all ...











Sent from Yahoo Mail. Get the app






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Posted by: Jiten Roy <jnrsr53@yahoo.com>


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Mukto Mona plans for a Grand Darwin Day Celebration: 
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http://mukto-mona.com/wordpress/?p=68

http://mukto-mona.com/banga_blog/?p=585

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