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Saturday, October 6, 2012

Re: [mukto-mona] Himal Magazine: The Danger of Grameeninsm



I live in a village near Zobra.  Zobra is the poorest village around here.  Dr. Yunus, who became a professor of Economics without publishing any article in a peer reviewed journal, has to be blind not to detect the lack of success of his model to send poverty to museum.  With an effective rate of interest hovering around fifty percent a year, no poor woman would get out of poverty.  Sufia, his first borrower, died so poor, that even her coffin cloth was collected by begging.  Her descendants make a living by begging even to this date.

On Sun, Oct 7, 2012 at 1:21 AM, Farida Majid <farida_majid@hotmail.com> wrote:
 


The big lie!
"Microfinance gimmickry has done huge damage in countries across the globe," says Patrick Bond, a senior professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Development Studies Centre for Civil Society in Durban, South Africa.




By Patrick Bond. Far from being a panacea for fighting rural poverty, microcredit can impose additional burdens on the rural poor. Far from being a panacea for ...
I agree with Patrick Bond's critique of the Grameen Bank model (Danger of Grameenism, Oct-Nov). If the aim is to help people and further development, the ...
By: Patrick Bond. Far from being a panacea for fighting rural poverty, microcredit can impose additional burdens on the rural poor. Mail. Comments from readers ...




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Re: [mukto-mona] Morsi Orders Release of Christian Boys Held for Desecrating Holy Quran in Egypt - Ikhwanweb



Good news. With pressure from the fundamentalist groups Egypt will probably consider having a strict form of blasphemy law. Badruddin Umar has indicated that Ramu violence may be a conspiracy to have blasphemy law in Bangladesh 

Sent from my iPhone

On Oct 6, 2012, at 7:21 PM, "S A Hannan" <sahannan@sonarbangladesh.com> wrote:

 

http://ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=30317

 

<image002.jpg>

Morsi Orders Release of Christian Boys Held for Desecrating Holy Quran in Egypt

Two Egyptian Coptic boys are freed from juvenile detention, at President Morsi's instructions, as contempt-of-religion cases seem to rise across the country.

 

Saturday, October 6,2012 21:55

 

IkhwanWeb

 

 

Egypt's Attorney General, Justice Abdel-Meguid Mahmoud, ordered the release of two Christian children held in custody pending investigation for contempt of the Islamic religion, after the intervention of President Mohamed Morsi to free them, in response to a memorandum submitted by a Christian activist.

A source in the Attorney General's office said that, "A decision was taken to release the two children aged 9 and 10 pursuant to the Egyptian law of the rights of the child, which prevents the detention of children".

For his part, Sherif Doss, head of the Egyptian Coptic Association, said: "The release of the Coptic children accused of desecrating the Quran came after Dr. Mohamed Morsi, the Egyptian President, intervened".

Doss added that the Presidency issued instructions for the immediate release of both Coptic Christian children in the Egyptian village of Ezbet Marco (in Beni Suef province, south of Cairo).

"The decision came after authorities reviewed a legal memorandum about the circumstances of the case, prepared by Naguib Gabriel, an Egyptian lawyer, and presented to Samir Morcos, Assistant to the President of the Republic for democratic transition affairs, which led to the Presidency's instruction to the Minister of Justice for an immediate release of the children."

tags: Morsi / Egypt / Christians / President / Egyptians / Abdel-Meguid Mahmoud / Samir Morcos / Minister of Justice

 

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"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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[mukto-mona] রোহিঙ্গা বিষফোড়া !!!!!!!!!!!!!!



রোহিঙ্গা বিষফোড়া
মিয়ানমারের রাখাইন প্রদেশে বসবাসকারী মুসলিম নাগরিকরা রোহিঙ্গা নামে পরিচিত। এই প্রদেশে মুসলমানের সংখ্যা আট লক্ষাধিক। অভ্যন্তরীণ জাতিগত দাঙ্গায় গত শতকের ষাটের দশকে তাদের বাংলাদেশে অনুপ্রবেশ শুরু হয়। বহু রোহিঙ্গা বিভিন্ন সময়ে বাংলাদেশে প্রবেশ করেছে। বিভিন্ন সরকারের সময়ে অনেক রোহিঙ্গাকে স্বদেশে ফেরত পাঠানো হয়েছে দ্বিপাক্ষিক কূটনৈতিক তৎপরতার মাধ্যমে। কিন্তু বাংলাদেশে আগত রোহিঙ্গাদের সংখ্যা এখনও আশঙ্কাজনক পর্যায়েই রয়ে গেছে। দৈনিক জনকণ্ঠে সম্প্রতি প্রকাশিত এক রিপোর্ট থেকে জানা যায়, সাড়ে ৪ লাখেরও বেশি রোহিঙ্গা শরণার্থী বর্তমানে এ দেশে রয়েছে। মিয়ানমার সীমান্তবর্তী কক্সবাজারের শরণার্থী শিবিরে এবং অন্যান্য স্থানে তারা বসবাস করছে। শুধু বসবাস নয়, সীমান্তবর্তী কক্সবাজার জেলা এখন তাদের নানা অপকর্মের অভয়ারণ্যে পরিণত হয়েছে। এ বিষয়ে জনকণ্ঠ যে নিবিড় অনুসন্ধানী রিপোর্ট প্রকাশ করেছে, তা রীতিমতো উদ্বেগজনক। নিজ দেশে দাঙ্গার শিকার হয়ে তারা বাংলাদেশে এলেও এখানে তারা দাঙ্গা-হাঙ্গামা, মাদক ব্যবসা, চোরাচালান ইত্যাদি এমন কোন কর্ম নেই যা করে না। মৌলবাদী একটি রাজনৈতিক দলসহ দক্ষিণপন্থী একটি বড় রাজনৈতিক দলের প্রচ্ছন্ন সমর্থন ও মদদ যেমন তাদের পেছনে রয়েছে, তেমনি মুসলিম এইড, ইসলামিক রিলিফ, এসিএফ, হ্যাডিক্রাফট সলিডারিটিজ, টাই, এসএসএফ হল্যান্ড প্রভৃতি বিদেশী এনজিও এখানে সক্রিয়। মূলত এদের আশ্রয়-প্রশ্রয় ও পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা পেয়ে রোহিঙ্গারা যেন এখন অনেকটা অপ্রতিরোধ্য হয়ে উঠেছে। সম্প্রতি কক্সবাজারের রামু, উখিয়া ও চট্টগ্রামের একটি উপজেলায় সংখ্যালঘুদের ধর্মীয় স্থানে ধ্বংস যজ্ঞ সেই বাস্তবতাকেই সামনে নিয়ে এসেছে। যে রোহিঙ্গাদের একদিন মনে করা হতো স্বদেশ থেকে বিতাড়িত অসহায় শরণার্থী, তারা এখন যেন বাংলাদেশের জন্য বিষফোঁড়া হয়ে দেখা দিচ্ছে যেন অপেক্ষা করছে বিস্ফোরণের।
বাংলাদেশের মৌলবাদী ঘরানার সঙ্গে রোহিঙ্গাদের যোগাযোগ ও সৌহার্দ্য বেশ পুরনো। ১৯৭১ সালের মুক্তিযুদ্ধের পর অনেক রাজাকার আলবদর পালিয়ে মিয়ানমারে চলে গিয়েছিল এবং সেখানে তারা রাখাইন প্রদেশের রোহিঙ্গাদের আতিথ্য লাভ করেছিল। তাদের সাহায্যেই অনেক যুদ্ধাপরাধী ঘাতক আলবদর পাকিস্তানসহ মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের অন্যান্য দেশে আশ্রয় লাভ করার সুযোগ পায়।
বাংলাদেশে রোহিঙ্গাদের আগমন, অবস্থান এবং তাদের কাজকর্ম ইত্যাদির তথ্য সরকারের অগোচরে থাকার কথা নয়। পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, স্থানীয় প্রশাসনসহ সরকারের গোয়েন্দা বিভাগের কাছে এ বিষয়ে হালনাগাদ তথ্যাবলী অবশ্যই আছে। বিশেষ করে রামু, উখিয়ায় মৌলবাদীদের প্রশ্রয়ে তারা যেভাবে দানবীয় থাবা বিস্তার করা হয়, সে প্রেক্ষিতে সরকারকে ত্বরিত হার্ডলাইনে যাওয়া উচিত। শরণার্থী হয়ে ঢুকে দেশের মানুষের সংহতি নষ্টের যারা চেষ্টা করে তাদেরকে সহজভাবে দেখার কোনো অবকাশ নেই। পাশাপাশি এদের ঘাড়ে মই রেখে যারা নিজেদের স্বার্থ উদ্ধার করতে চায়। তাদেরও বিচারের কাঠগড়ায় দাঁড় করাতে হবে।



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"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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[mukto-mona] রোহিঙ্গা বিষফোড়া !!!!!!!!



রোহিঙ্গা বিষফোড়া
মিয়ানমারের রাখাইন প্রদেশে বসবাসকারী মুসলিম নাগরিকরা রোহিঙ্গা নামে পরিচিত। এই প্রদেশে মুসলমানের সংখ্যা আট লক্ষাধিক। অভ্যন্তরীণ জাতিগত দাঙ্গায় গত শতকের ষাটের দশকে তাদের বাংলাদেশে অনুপ্রবেশ শুরু হয়। বহু রোহিঙ্গা বিভিন্ন সময়ে বাংলাদেশে প্রবেশ করেছে। বিভিন্ন সরকারের সময়ে অনেক রোহিঙ্গাকে স্বদেশে ফেরত পাঠানো হয়েছে দ্বিপাক্ষিক কূটনৈতিক তৎপরতার মাধ্যমে। কিন্তু বাংলাদেশে আগত রোহিঙ্গাদের সংখ্যা এখনও আশঙ্কাজনক পর্যায়েই রয়ে গেছে। দৈনিক জনকণ্ঠে সম্প্রতি প্রকাশিত এক রিপোর্ট থেকে জানা যায়, সাড়ে ৪ লাখেরও বেশি রোহিঙ্গা শরণার্থী বর্তমানে এ দেশে রয়েছে। মিয়ানমার সীমান্তবর্তী কক্সবাজারের শরণার্থী শিবিরে এবং অন্যান্য স্থানে তারা বসবাস করছে। শুধু বসবাস নয়, সীমান্তবর্তী কক্সবাজার জেলা এখন তাদের নানা অপকর্মের অভয়ারণ্যে পরিণত হয়েছে। এ বিষয়ে জনকণ্ঠ যে নিবিড় অনুসন্ধানী রিপোর্ট প্রকাশ করেছে, তা রীতিমতো উদ্বেগজনক। নিজ দেশে দাঙ্গার শিকার হয়ে তারা বাংলাদেশে এলেও এখানে তারা দাঙ্গা-হাঙ্গামা, মাদক ব্যবসা, চোরাচালান ইত্যাদি এমন কোন কর্ম নেই যা করে না। মৌলবাদী একটি রাজনৈতিক দলসহ দক্ষিণপন্থী একটি বড় রাজনৈতিক দলের প্রচ্ছন্ন সমর্থন ও মদদ যেমন তাদের পেছনে রয়েছে, তেমনি মুসলিম এইড, ইসলামিক রিলিফ, এসিএফ, হ্যাডিক্রাফট সলিডারিটিজ, টাই, এসএসএফ হল্যান্ড প্রভৃতি বিদেশী এনজিও এখানে সক্রিয়। মূলত এদের আশ্রয়-প্রশ্রয় ও পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা পেয়ে রোহিঙ্গারা যেন এখন অনেকটা অপ্রতিরোধ্য হয়ে উঠেছে। সম্প্রতি কক্সবাজারের রামু, উখিয়া ও চট্টগ্রামের একটি উপজেলায় সংখ্যালঘুদের ধর্মীয় স্থানে ধ্বংস যজ্ঞ সেই বাস্তবতাকেই সামনে নিয়ে এসেছে। যে রোহিঙ্গাদের একদিন মনে করা হতো স্বদেশ থেকে বিতাড়িত অসহায় শরণার্থী, তারা এখন যেন বাংলাদেশের জন্য বিষফোঁড়া হয়ে দেখা দিচ্ছে যেন অপেক্ষা করছে বিস্ফোরণের।
বাংলাদেশের মৌলবাদী ঘরানার সঙ্গে রোহিঙ্গাদের যোগাযোগ ও সৌহার্দ্য বেশ পুরনো। ১৯৭১ সালের মুক্তিযুদ্ধের পর অনেক রাজাকার আলবদর পালিয়ে মিয়ানমারে চলে গিয়েছিল এবং সেখানে তারা রাখাইন প্রদেশের রোহিঙ্গাদের আতিথ্য লাভ করেছিল। তাদের সাহায্যেই অনেক যুদ্ধাপরাধী ঘাতক আলবদর পাকিস্তানসহ মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের অন্যান্য দেশে আশ্রয় লাভ করার সুযোগ পায়।
বাংলাদেশে রোহিঙ্গাদের আগমন, অবস্থান এবং তাদের কাজকর্ম ইত্যাদির তথ্য সরকারের অগোচরে থাকার কথা নয়। পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, স্থানীয় প্রশাসনসহ সরকারের গোয়েন্দা বিভাগের কাছে এ বিষয়ে হালনাগাদ তথ্যাবলী অবশ্যই আছে। বিশেষ করে রামু, উখিয়ায় মৌলবাদীদের প্রশ্রয়ে তারা যেভাবে দানবীয় থাবা বিস্তার করা হয়, সে প্রেক্ষিতে সরকারকে ত্বরিত হার্ডলাইনে যাওয়া উচিত। শরণার্থী হয়ে ঢুকে দেশের মানুষের সংহতি নষ্টের যারা চেষ্টা করে তাদেরকে সহজভাবে দেখার কোনো অবকাশ নেই। পাশাপাশি এদের ঘাড়ে মই রেখে যারা নিজেদের স্বার্থ উদ্ধার করতে চায়। তাদেরও বিচারের কাঠগড়ায় দাঁড় করাতে হবে।



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               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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[mukto-mona] Morsi Orders Release of Christian Boys Held for Desecrating Holy Quran in Egypt - Ikhwanweb



http://ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=30317

 

Morsi Orders Release of Christian Boys Held for Desecrating Holy Quran in Egypt

Two Egyptian Coptic boys are freed from juvenile detention, at President Morsi’s instructions, as contempt-of-religion cases seem to rise across the country.

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Saturday, October 6,2012 21:55

 

IkhwanWeb

 

 

Egypt’s Attorney General, Justice Abdel-Meguid Mahmoud, ordered the release of two Christian children held in custody pending investigation for contempt of the Islamic religion, after the intervention of President Mohamed Morsi to free them, in response to a memorandum submitted by a Christian activist.

A source in the Attorney General's office said that, "A decision was taken to release the two children aged 9 and 10 pursuant to the Egyptian law of the rights of the child, which prevents the detention of children".

For his part, Sherif Doss, head of the Egyptian Coptic Association, said: "The release of the Coptic children accused of desecrating the Quran came after Dr. Mohamed Morsi, the Egyptian President, intervened".

Doss added that the Presidency issued instructions for the immediate release of both Coptic Christian children in the Egyptian village of Ezbet Marco (in Beni Suef province, south of Cairo).

"The decision came after authorities reviewed a legal memorandum about the circumstances of the case, prepared by Naguib Gabriel, an Egyptian lawyer, and presented to Samir Morcos, Assistant to the President of the Republic for democratic transition affairs, which led to the Presidency’s instruction to the Minister of Justice for an immediate release of the children."

tags: Morsi / Egypt / Christians / President / Egyptians / Abdel-Meguid Mahmoud / Samir Morcos / Minister of Justice

 



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Mukto Mona plans for a Grand Darwin Day Celebration: 
Call For Articles:

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http://mukto-mona.com/banga_blog/?p=585

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"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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Re: [mukto-mona] লেখা



We cannot expect secularism to flourish under a predominantly sectarian religion. Therefore, it is almost impossible for a Muslim majority country to be secular.  I am not sure what Bangladesh is. It is neither a theocratic nor a secular country.  A religious minority in Bangladesh has no chance to be the Prime Minister or President or Chief of Armed Forces. Some people call Bangladesh as a moderate Muslim country; maybe that's what it is.

Jiten Roy

 
 
--- On Fri, 10/5/12, sentu tikadar <sentu92003@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: sentu tikadar <sentu92003@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] লেখা
To: "mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
Cc: "bangladesh-progressives@googlegroups.com" <bangladesh-progressives@googlegroups.com>
Date: Friday, October 5, 2012, 1:54 AM

 
Loosing in confidence that Bangladesh shall ever be a secular country.  No Government who will be in power can make her secular.  Majority of Hindus were driven away from Bangladesh due to mental and physical torture by the Goverments and her people.  Now the  same poisonous bite are impregnated to Buddhists of the country. No way to save them from the animals in human figures. No solution to save minorities in a Muslim dominated land except the mass migration to other lands where still now a bit of humanity prevails.
 
Sentu
.          
From: Shah Deeldar <shahdeeldar@yahoo.com>
To: "mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com" <mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com>
Cc: "bangladesh-progressives@googlegroups.com" <bangladesh-progressives@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Friday, October 5, 2012 7:58 AM
Subject: Re: [mukto-mona] লেখা
 
Keep writing brother! You got the talent and sarcasm! I love your rich vocabulary! -SD
 
"All great truths begin as blasphemies." GBS
From: Kakkeshor Kuchkuche <kakuchkuche@gmail.com>
To: mukto-mona@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Thursday, October 4, 2012 4:37 PM
Subject: [mukto-mona] লেখা
 
                           শুধু ভাবি এত কুৎসিত কি করে হলো এই জন্তুগুলো!!!
                    
মেজাজ প্রচণ্ড খারাপ,দুইদিন ধরে এইদিক সেইদিক ঘুরলাম,দেখলাম মানবতা নিয়ে তুমুল আলোচনা চলছে সকালে-বিকালে,রাস্তার চায়ের দোকানে,ফেসবুকের ইভেন্টে-গ্রুপে,অলিতে-গলিতেকাউকে দেখলাম যুত করে চায়ের কাপে চুমুক দিতে দিতে উপজাতি আর আদিবাসীর মধ্যে কোন শব্দটা ঠিক এই নিয়া সারাদিন জ্ঞানগর্ভ মন্তব্য করে সকলকে জানান দিতে তার নিজের জ্ঞানের সীমা-পরিসীমা,আবার বিশেষ শ্রেণীর মানবতাবাদীদের দেখলাম বিশ্বমানবতার ভার নিজ স্কন্ধে বহন করবার প্রত্যয় নিয়ে এই ফাঁকে রোহিঙ্গা ভাই-বেরাদরদের পুরানো কাহিনী প্যাঁচায় জ্বালাময়ী বক্তৃতা রাখতে আর চিপায় চাপায় আকার ইঙ্গিতে জানায় দিতে ঘটনা ঘটছে শান্তির ধর্মরে ব্যাঙ্গ করার জন্য

বিদেশি ধর্ম ভাইদের জন্য কষ্টে যাদের বুক এমনেই আনচান করতে থাকে, এইসব মানবতাবাদী বক্তার অকাট্য যুক্তি (!!) তাদের বুকের পরতে পরতে ঢুকে বিশ্বাস দৃঢ় করতে টাইম নেয় নাইতাই এখন তারা এই বিধর্মী মন্দির ভাঙা নিয়া এত না চেইতা রোহিঙ্গা ফিলিস্তিনি পাকিস্তানি ভাই বেরাদর নিয়া টানাটানি করে প্রমাণ করতেছে বিশ্বমানবতা(!!)র মত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় ছাড়া অন্য কিছু নিয়া চোদানোর টাইম তাদের নাইআর আসল কথা হইল বিধর্মী মন্দিরই তো ভাঙছে,বিধর্মীই তো পিটাইছে,এইটাতে দোষের কি আছে??এই নিয়া চোদাইয়া লাভ কি??

এরপর দেখলাম আমার মত কিছু আজন্ম বোকাচোদা নিজের গাঁটের পয়সা খরচ করে রাস্তায় মানব বন্ধন করতেছে,বিচার চাইতেছে,ফেসবুকে সকলকে বুঝাইতেছে,বিশ্বমানবতাবাদীদের বিচিতে লাথি মারতে চাইতেছে কিন্তু আগেই বলছি আমরা আজন্ম বোকাচোদা আর দেশের বেশীরভাগ মানুষই শান্তিপ্রিয়,মানবতাবাদী এবং তাদের এই মানবতা ধর্মভাইদের জন্য ছাড়া আর কারো জন্য চাগাড় দেয় না।তাই আমার মত বোকাচোদাদের দলটা শেষপর্যন্ত সংখ্যালঘুই হয়ে রইল।

প্রচন্ড হতাশা নিয়ে আবাসস্থলে পৌছেই দেখলাম হাততালি আর উল্লাস চিৎকারের শব্দ আসতেছে প্রচুর।হই হই রই রই শব্দে চারদিক একাকার করে ফেলবার অবস্থা।শব্দের উৎস খুঁজতে খুব একটা অসুবিধা হল না।পাকিস্তানের ভাইদের খেলা চলছে।প্রতি বলেই ভাইদের উৎসাহ দেয়ার কাজে কমতি নেই কারোকেও কারো চেয়ে কম যায় না,ধর্মভাই বলে কথা!!এদের চোখে মুখের পাকিপ্রেম,আফ্রিদির হোগা চুমাইয়া লাল করে দেওয়ার অকৃত্রিম আকাঙ্ক্ষা দেখে বোঝার উপায় নাই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের এই হলের এই বয়সী ছেলেরাই একদিন ধর্মের বাঁধা ভেঙে শুধুমাত্র বাঙ্গালীদের জন্য বাংলাদেশের স্বপ্নে বিভোর হয়ে যুদ্ধে ঝাঁপিয়েছিল।আজ ধর্মভাইদের একেকটা চার ছক্কায় এদের মুখের নির্বিকার হাসি দেখে বোঝার উপায় নাই এই দেশেরই হাজার হাজার মানুষ সব হারিয়ে এখন অন্ধকারে জেগে আছে চোখে মুখে ভয়,উৎকণ্ঠা নিয়ে শুধুমাত্র এই ধর্মের কারনে

এইসব করতালিরত নির্বিকার জারজদের দিকে তাকালেই বোঝা যায়,কেমন করে রামু উখিয়ারা হঠাত একদিন ধ্বংসস্তূপে পরিণত হয়

কাক্কেশ্বর কুচকুচে


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[mukto-mona] FW: Husain Haqqani: Muslim Rage Is About Politics, Not Religion



    Try to understand the importance of the following statement of historical facts:

<<  The phenomenon of outrage over insults to Islam and its final prophet is a function of modern-era politics. It started during Western colonial rule, with Muslim politicians seeking issues to mobilize their constituents. Secular leaders focused on opposing foreign domination, and Islamists emerged to claim that Islam is not merely a religion but also a political ideology. >>

                      May be the secular Muslims would start making an attempt to build up resistance to the bullying of the Islamist "outrage against insult of Islam".
 
                      Farida Majid


From: sukla.sen@gmail.com
Date: Fri, 5 Oct 2012 12:08:07 +0530
Subject:  Husain Haqqani: Muslim Rage Is About Politics, Not Religion

 
http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/09/30/husain-haqqani-muslim-rage-is-about-politics-not-religion.html

Husain Haqqani: Muslim Rage Is About Politics, Not Religion

Oct 1, 2012 1:00 AM EDT

Muslims have good reason to be angry—and it's not a sophomoric movie trailer on youtube.

Thousands of cellphone subscribers in Pakistan received an anonymous text message recently announcing a miracle: an earthquake on Tuesday, Sept. 18, had destroyed the Washington, D.C. movie theater that was exhibitingInnocence of Muslims, the controversial film that has triggered violent protests in several Muslim countries. An email version of the text message even included a picture of a mangled structure. Allah, the texter claimed, had shown His anger against the movie's insult to Islam and Prophet Muhammad, and with Him on their side the faithful should not be afraid to vent their anger against the West, which belittles Islam and abuses Islam's prophet.

There was, of course, no earthquake in Washington, and no movie theater had been destroyed. In fact, the movie has never made its way beyond YouTube. But for several days, the fabricated text message and email made the rounds, forwarded and reforwarded around Pakistan and in some cases to Pakistanis living in the diaspora. It was part of a campaign to arouse Muslim passions by what author Salman Rushdie has termed "the outrage industry." Similar false mass messaging convinced millions after 9/11 that Jews had been warned to stay away from the Twin Towers, implying a conspiracy that many still believe without a shred of evidence. Last year, after U.S. special forces killed Osama bin Laden, anonymous messages suggested that the raid in Abbottabad was a staged event and bin Laden had been killed months earlier.

Such well-organized manipulation of sentiment belies the notion that orchestrated protests are spontaneous expressions of Muslim rage. Like followers of any other religion, Muslims do not like insults to their faith or to their prophet. But the protests that make the headlines are the function of politics, not religion. Hoping to avoid being accused of siding with blasphemers, the Pakistani government tried to align itself with the protesters' cause by declaring a public holiday and calling it "Love of the Prophet Day." Although 95 percent of Pakistan's 190 million people are Muslim, only an estimated 45,000 actually took part in that Friday's demonstrations around the country against Innocence of Muslims. The protests mattered largely because of their violence: as many as 17 people were killed and scores injured.


Men of religion have often slandered each other's faiths. Islam has endured its share of criticism and abuse over the centuries, especially from Christians, against whom they fought for control of the Levant and the southern corners of Europe during the Crusades and the Ottoman wars. The 14th-century Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus hurled the ultimate insult at Muslims when he declared that everything Muhammad brought was evil, "such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." Historically, Muslims returned the favor by pointing out the flaws in other religions and outlining their own perfect faith. Muslim emperors ruled over large non-Muslim populations while Muslim preachers and Sufi mystics worked to proselytize and win converts to Islam. But there is no record in those days of mob violence against foreign envoys or traders in retaliation for blasphemy against Muhammad or Islam allegedly committed by Islam's enemies in distant lands.


The phenomenon of outrage over insults to Islam and its final prophet is a function of modern-era politics. It started during Western colonial rule, with Muslim politicians seeking issues to mobilize their constituents. Secular leaders focused on opposing foreign domination, and Islamists emerged to claim that Islam is not merely a religion but also a political ideology. Threats to the faith became a rallying cry for the Islamists, who sought wedge issues to define their political agenda. To this day, Islamists are often the ones who draw attention to otherwise obscure attacks on Islam and then use those attacks to muster popular support. The effort is often aided by Islamophobes hoping to create their own wedges by portraying Islam as a threat to Western civilization. Conservative and practicing Muslims who are not Islamists are caught in the middle, along with scholarly commentators on Islamic history and tradition who are not Islamophobes.


The past two decades have seen periodic outbreaks of protest over insults to Prophet Muhammad and Islam. In each case, the protesters were not reacting to something they had seen or read in the ordinary course of life. With the exception of The Satanic Verses, none of the objects of complaint were even widely accessible until the public was whipped into a fury. The Islamists first introduced the objectionable material to their audience and then instigated the outrage by characterizing it as part of a supposed worldwide conspiracy to denigrate Islam. The emergence of social media and the swiftness of international communications have made it easier to choreograph global campaigns, and in Muslim-majority countries, Islamists tend to be among those who are most effectively organized to take advantage of technology for political ends.


An early prototype of these mass-mobilization campaigns centered on Rangeela Rasool (Playboy Prophet), a salacious version of Muhammad's life. Published in British India in 1927, the controversial book was hardly a bestseller. In fact it went mostly unnoticed until Muslim politicians encountered it two years later and complained. The British authorities arrested and tried the book's publisher, Rajpal, only to acquit him. Agitation by Muslim groups encouraged a young illiterate carpenter by the single name Ilmuddin to stab the publisher to death in Lahore. Ilmuddin was given the title of ghazi ("warrior for the faith") by Islamist political groups and was defended in court, albeit on technical grounds (and unsuccessfully), by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who would later become the founder of Pakistan. The British amended the Indian penal code to add punishment for blasphemy and incitement of religious hatred.

The Rangeela Rasool controversy polarized Hindus and Muslims, particularly in the Punjab. The region eventually had to be parceled out between the two religions in the 1947 Partition, and the two Punjabs suffered the most brutal communal violence of that horrific time. Pakistani leaders sometimes cite the book's publication as an example of how the Islamic faith would have been threatened under non-Muslim rule had the British left the subcontinent undivided. It does not matter in that political argument that there are roughly as many Muslims today in India as there are in Pakistan.

"Defending the honor of the prophet" is widely regarded as a worthy cause, not to be opposed or criticized even by secular Muslims. If a secular politician dares to point out that the faith of 1.6 billion people can scarcely be threatened by a book with a print run of only 1,000 copies, he can easily be targeted as a defender of blasphemers. The governor of Pakistan's Punjab province, Salmaan Taseer, was murdered last year by his own bodyguard for questioning the reasonableness of Pakistan's blasphemy laws. The country's Islamist media described Taseer's killer as a latter day Ilmuddin, and lawyers showered him with rose petals.


Like all modern political tactics, religious protests tend to be timed for best effect. The Egyptian Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz first published Children of Gabalawi—an allegorical novel in Arabic that allegedly belittled Islam—in 1959. And yet the book didn't become the target of significant protests until 30 years later, after Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize for literature, and Omar Abdel-Rahman, the "Blind Sheik," currently in U.S. prison for instigating terrorism, condemned the 1959 book. The publicity surrounding the 1988 Nobel Prize provided an ideal opportunity for Sheik Omar to rally his base and advance the cause of polarizing Egyptian society. His fatwa finally caught up with Mahfouz in 1994, when a knife-wielding Islamist stabbed the novelist in the neck, leaving him hospitalized for several weeks and suffering from permanent nerve damage.

Obscure books and writers can be just as useful. Pakistan's Jamaat-e-Islami ("Islamic Party") has never done well in elections, but it has a long record of seeking, publicizing, and capitalizing on perceived insults to Islam in hope of flexing its political muscle. Its activists are trained in street protests and choreographed demonstrations, and the party was one of the main organizers of the protests against Innocence of Muslims in Pakistan. Back in 1971, in the midst of the civil war that led to the creation of Bangladesh (and soon after Jamaat-e-Islami had suffered a humiliating defeat at the polls), the party discovered and loudly denounced The Turkish Art of Love, a sex manual containing derogatory references to Prophet Muhammad that was published in 1933. During the ensuing riots, Christian churches were attacked, and liquor shops (which were legal at the time) were looted. The British Council building in Lahore was also attacked.

Ironically, all the books that have been targeted for protests over the years remain available to this day. Rangeela Rasool can be downloaded from the Internet. Children of Gabalawi continues to be read in many languages. EvenThe Turkish Art of Love can be easily bought almost anywhere in the world. The Satanic Verses protests of 1989, culminating in Ayatollah Khomeini's fatwaagainst author Salman Rushdie, only increased the book's sales.

If the protests were really supposed to silence insults against Islam and the Prophet Muhammad, their failure should by now be obvious. Instead of being shut down, objectionable books and movies have gained publicity. Obscure publications—and, in the latest case, Internet posts—have become internationally known. Rather than ending dissemination of material offensive to Muslim sensibilities, the protests have almost always had the opposite effect. In the case of Innocence of Muslims, the video was posted on YouTube in June, but hardly anyone paid attention to it until Egyptian Islamists broadcast it in early September.

There is nothing in Islamic tradition that requires Muslims to come out in the streets and throw rocks or set things on fire every time they hear of someone insulting their faith. Like Jewish and Christian scriptures, Islam's sacred texts speak of divine retribution as well as of God's mercy. References to holy war are interspersed with exhortations to charity, kindness toward others, and respect for life. Every chapter of the Quran begins with the words "In the name of Allah (God), the most compassionate, the most merciful," encouraging believers to practice mercy over retribution.

In fact, the Quran refers to Prophet Muhammad as "Rehmatul-lil-Alameen" or "the one bringing compassion for all worlds." After announcing his prophethood, Muhammad prayed for those who insulted or opposed him. In one famous episode, he once went to inquire about the health of an old woman in Mecca who had thrown garbage on him every day. When she failed to show up to deliver her daily insult, he was concerned. Such compassion won converts to Islam and contributed to the faith's expansion.

But a religion is what its followers make it, and the demands of Islamist politics in recent times have helped to stamp Muslims as being prone to anger and susceptible to violence. Meanwhile, bigoted nobodies have been made influential when their anti-Islam provocations have succeeded in unleashing the fury of tens of thousands around the world. But to the orchestrators of the protests, none of this matters. Their target is not the perpetrators of the insults and abuse. Instead they are only looking for ways in which to mobilize Muslims against the West, if only to present themselves subsequently as the mediators who can bridge that divide.

Since falling under Western colonial rule, the Muslim world has developed a narrative of grievance. The view is shared by Islamists, who consider Islam a political ideology, and other Muslims who don't. Like all national and community narratives, it has some elements that are true. It is a historical fact that the Muslim world spent centuries in ascendance before Western influence rose, and Muslim power declined. And there is no question that Western imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries was far from benign. It divided Muslims, denigrated them, and used modern technology—from the printing press to electronic media and the moving image—to render a caricature of a once-preeminent civilization and the faith that rests at its heart.

The current weakness of the Muslim world, however, is not entirely the fault of Western colonialism and postcolonial machinations. For a century or more, overcoming that weakness has been the driving force behind almost every major political movement in the Muslim world, from pan-Arabism to contemporary Islamism. Nevertheless, Muslims have made practically no serious effort to understand the causes and remedies of their decline over the past 300 years. Outrage and resentment—and the conspiracy theories that inform them—are poor substitutes for comprehending why Islam's lost glory has proved so difficult to resurrect.

Islamists see the world as polarized between the Ummah (the community of believers, whom they describe as one nation) and the rest. The West's rise, rather than the Ummah's decline, receives far greater attention from Islamist scholars and leaders. Their worldview is summarized in the Arabic-language title of a book by the Indian Islamist scholar Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi. Its English-language version is unremarkable enough—Islam and the World: The Rise and Decline of Muslims and Its Effect on Mankind. But the Arabic edition's title translates literally as: What the World Lost by the Decline of Muslims. The civilizational narcissism is clear. "Our decline is the world's loss," it suggests. "We do not need to change anything. The West needs to fix things for us so that it does not lose the benefits of our civilization."

The outrage industry ensures that Muslims continue to blame others for their condition, raging over their impotence instead of focusing on economic, political, and social issues. At the same time, successive civilian and military governments in Pakistan have chosen to appease the dial-a-riot Islamist hardliners rather than confront them. A multitude of Islamist groups has sprouted, including jihadi militants battle-hardened in Afghanistan and Kashmir, and a competition of sorts now takes place among them over who is the greater champion of the honor of Islam and its prophet. A similar development is evident in the rivalry between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafists in Egypt and in other Arab countries.

Even strategically pro-Western rulers find it convenient to perpetuate the Ummah's narrative of Islam being under siege and Muslims being the targets of an insidious global conspiracy. Morale is kept up by bogus stories of miracles, such as the destruction of the theater that showed a blasphemous movie, or the one claiming that Neil Armstrong converted to Islam after hearing the call to prayer while he was on the moon. (He didn't.) It is rare to find mention of hard negative facts in the general discourse within the 57 member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which collectively account for approximately one fifth of the world's population but only 7 percent of global output.

The economic dysfunction in the 22 Arab countries, several of them blessed with oil reserves, highlights how Muslim scholars and politicians have failed to understand and explain the waning power of the Ummah to their people. The Arab countries had a combined GDP of $1.9 trillion in 2010, compared with the European Union's GDP of $17.5 trillion. Spain alone produced $1.43 trillion in GDP, without the benefit of natural resources such as oil and gas. The wealth of Western nations comes from manufacturing and innovation, neither of which has found much favor in Muslim-majority countries.

A real debate among Muslims about their decline might identify why the Ottoman and Mughal empires refused to accept the printing press for more than two and a half centuries after Johannes Guttenberg invented movable type. It might also explain why Muslims failed to embrace the Industrial Revolution, modern banking, insurance, and the joint stock company, even after these had emerged in Europe. Instead, most of the discussion focuses on real or perceived historic injustice. "We are weak because we were colonized," Muslims tend to say, instead of recognizing that Muslim lands were colonized because they had become weak.

The "knowledge deficit" mentioned in the Arab Development Report of 2002 continues to worsen. Roughly half the world's illiterate adults are found among Muslims, and two thirds of that number are women. Greece, with a population of 11 million, translates more books from other languages than the entire Arab world, which has a cumulative population of 360 million. Since the 9th century, when the Abbasid rulers of Baghdad patronized learning and built a huge library for its time, only 100,000 books have been translated from other languages into Arabic. The same number of books are translated from other languages into Spanish every year.

A thousand years ago, Muslims led the world in the field of science and mathematics. Today they are noticeably absent from any list of recent inventors and innovators in science and technology. Since 1901, only two Muslims have won a Nobel Prize in the sciences, and one of them (Pakistan's Dr. Abdus Salam, Physics, 1979) is not deemed a Muslim in his home country because of his association with the Ahmadiyya sect. Not coincidentally, only a handful of Muslim-majority countries fulfill the criteria for freedom set by the independent group Freedom House. Even the "Arab Spring" seems unlikely to change that harsh reality.

Decline, weakness, impotence, and helplessness are the words repeated most frequently in the speeches and writings of today's Muslim leaders. All four are conditions that feed outrage—the response of people lacking real power to change their circumstances. Ironically that response is cultivated by leaders who could channel their people's energy toward real solutions. Instead of orchestrating hate on the pretext of even the most insignificant provocation, Muslim leaders could extend literacy, expand education, and make their nations' economies more competitive. But as in Western democracies, the politics of wedge issues is always easier to pursue. Rising Islamophobia in Europe and North America helps Islamists keep things on the boil. "Us versus them" is always a useful distraction from "us versus our problems."





--
Peace Is Doable



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"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it".
               -Beatrice Hall [pseudonym: S.G. Tallentyre], 190




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