WRT: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mukto-mona/message/47971
Subimal Said:
"Looks like finally you have agreed that it is not the nuclear force, rather the electrostatic force that keeps the electron in its orbit."
Reply:
I have nothing to agree here. I know what the nuclear force is, and I should know the difference between a nuclear force and an electrostatic force. After all I wrote two Ph.D. dissertations, one on the experimental Nuclear Physics, and the other on the theoretical Biophysics. I think I lost my credibility here with you? I did not say nuclear force keeps electrons in the orbit. I do not know what caused this misunderstanding. When I say that nuclear attractive force on electron that is obviously electrostatic. I did not think that you will have such a hard time to interpret that statement.
Subimal Said:
"My humble question was .... Does it mean that net force on the electron is zero?"
Reply:
In the equilibrium condition, the resultant force is zero. Atoms in its ground state configuration is in equilibrium condition, and the resultant force* on the electron in the atomic orbit is zero. This condition has to be fulfilled. If this equilibrium is broken, electron will not be able to stay in that orbit. Just like the whirling stone and the rope equilibrium. If the rope breaks, the stone flies away. Why? Because the radial tension in the rope does not exist any more to balance the centrifugal force, arising from the velocity of the stone. The tension in the rope, in case of the stone, is equivalent to the electrostatic force on the electron. If the atomic electron is given sufficient extra energy, it's equilibrium condition will break and it could be ejected from the orbit. In that case atom will be ionized, and go into an excited state.
*Note: instantaneous directional force on a revolving object is non-zero but, due to the changing directions, the resultant vector becomes zero. The force on the ball is tangential, and the attracing force is causing the change in direction of the ball. According to Newton's third Law: every action has equal and opposite reaction. The rope exerts inward (centripetal) force on the ball, and the ball exerts equal amount of outward (cetrifugal) force on the hand. That's how centrifugal force comes into being. You are right, centrifugal force is a pseudo force, which is introduced for explaining the circular motion of an object following the Newton's third law.
Jiten Roy
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