AT LAST "UNIFIED SCRIPT", THE MAGIC SCRIPT INVENTED
ABSTRACT : Men speaking in various languages have got tremendous
affinity and concern for their own language or mother tongue. In the
past many endeavors to change or replace the same has been found to
have faced violence. Same, however, is not the case with the script
used for writing languages. Scripts are used for merely transferring
the 'vocal' language. For thousands of years, experts imagined, dreamt
and then endeavored numerous times to invent "Unified Script" through
which, they expected to write all the languages of this world. All
endeavors to this end have so far been proved futile because of
genuine reasons. However, in November 2009, a new proposal for Unified
Script has been published in a copyrighted book (Ref : "SUS for
Writing Multiple Languages", Trafford Publishing, ISBN:
9781426909399). It is not possible to openly discuss everything
written there because of copyright restrictions. But from all
indications it seems that this one i.e. SUS has got the quality and
potentiality to become first Unified Language capable of writing all
languages of this world. In this article I shall briefly narrate the
various qualities of SUS that renders it to such a high level.
INTRODUCTION :
After sign language, vocal language is the most important medium for
expression of ideas. In this language, independently identifiable
single or multi-syllabic sounds are known as words. A number of words
used one after another in a definite order and capable of creating a
sense is known as sentence. In human civilization the use of sentences
led to the generation of Language. Even though language opens up the
bridge of communication between various groups of people, dissimilar
languages act as barriers. When various languages are written by
different types of scripts, these further tighten the barrier.
Something that can level this barrier is the Unified Script.
Men usually retain great love and concern for their respective
languages, whatever complex or peculiar those might be felt by others.
However, there is absolutely no reason for them to have any 'blind'
affection for the script. Scripts act as mere carrier of language and
so long the verbal language remains unchanged, it matters nothing if
there is any change in or replacement in the scripts. Naturally, if a
new script can 'carry' a language more easily and efficiently, then
there should be no reason why it should not be accepted by all. With
this possibility in mind, for over thousand years the experts of
various languages dreamt of "Unified Script" capable of writing most,
if not all, of the languages of the world.
PAST ENDEAVORS FOR CREATING UNIFIED SCRIPTS :
The known endeavor for inventing Unified Script goes back to 13th C
AD. In 1260 Kublai Khan commissioned a Tibetan Lama to create a new
national script. He devised the PHAGS-PA script in 1269. Notable
features of this script are :
(i) Syllabic alphabet - each consonant having an inherent vowel
sound. Other vowels are indicated by symbols that appear below the
consonants.
(ii) Writing direction: vertical from top to bottom and from left to right.
(iii) There were three different styles of writing in the Phags-pa
alphabet: (a) the Standard script, which was used in Chinese and
Mongolian printed texts and documents, (b) the Seal script, which was
used mainly for official seals and also for some inscriptions on
monuments and (c) the Tibetan script style, which was used mainly for
books titles and temple inscriptions.
(Link : http://babelstone.blogspot.com, Free Phags-pa fonts available at :
http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Fonts/ and
http://www.valdyas.org/conlang.html. Further information about the
Phags-pa Script may be collected from :
http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Phags-pa ).
However, the Pags-pa script did not become popular. Even though the
'inventors' of Pags-pa script claimed that the scripts were easy, in
fact those were not so. There was no logic in the gradual change of
the letters, which rendered those difficult to remember.
Another notable Unified Script invented in 1999 is the INTERBET.
Interbet is the abbreviation for International Phonetic Alphabet.
Vitaly Vetash, an artist and a linguist from Russia worked from 1977
to 1999 for creating it. The names of letters in Interbet are mostly
based on the ancient Phoenician and Greek alphabets, as well as the
letters of the other alphabets.
The number of letters in this alphabet is 45. The letters are based on
the combination of Latin alphabet and some Cyrillic letters and some
were invented by the author. The author proposed some linguistic signs
also for modifying the sounds of the letters. In this system the same
letters can be used to represent a number of phonemes.
The author claims that the number of letters in Interbret is
sufficient to write all of the world's most widely-spoken languages.
The author also claimed that this alphabet is suitable for a
practical, international and universal system for writing any
language. In practice however, it showed so much of problems that it
did could not get popularity.
"SUS", THE UNIFIED LANGUAGE OF 2009 :
Details of SUS, the latest type of Unified Language has been published
only in November 2009 in a copyrighted book titled "SUS for writing
multiple languages". It is not possible to explain all details of this
script for obvious reasons. But this script has got exceptional and
admirable qualities that may make anyone hopeful that probably this
one is going to open up the possibility of a unified script in a
global scale.
SCRIPT : All the letters of SUS are supposed to be contained within a
square box. Thus the letters are free from the hazards observed in the
languages having letters with protruded limbs around. The letters are
initiated first by a horizontal line at the middle of the square. The
following stroke is a vertical line having length equal to half of the
side of the square. The third line is a small vertical line. As for
use, the large vertical line is used along the periphery of the
square, where as the small vertical line is used parallel to it, but
inside the square.
As for placing the vertical lines, these are used in the following
sequences : (01) On the left and below the horizontal line, then (02)
On the left and above the horizontal line, then (03) On the right and
above the horizontal line and finally, (04) On the right and below the
horizontal line. In other words, being originated at the left lower
cornet the lines move in the clock-wise direction.
As for letters, SUS uses the letters used in the language proper. Thus
in English language, it uses the Roman letters, in Bengali, Bengali
letters and so on so forth. In assigning scripts for the letters, SUS
maintains the mathematical serial number. For this purpose, at the
very outset SUS divides the letters of any language into groups of 5.
Thus Roman alphabet is divided into the following groups : Group 01 :
a, b, c, d, e. Group 02 : f, g, h, i, j. Group 03 : k, l, m, n, o.
Group 04 : p, q, r, s, t. Group 05 :u, v, w, x, y. Group 06. z.
Similar system is followed in case of other languages also.
The first letters of each of the above groups have been mentioned in
SUS as Group heads. Thus the group heads in Roman alphabet are : a, f,
k, p, u and z.
Then, SUS goes for proposing scripts first for the group heads. The
FIRST group head or 'a' is written by 'the horizontal line and the
vertical line placed at its left below'. Following the principle of
clock-wise direction, the SECOND group head or 'f' will be written by
'the horizontal line and the vertical line placed at the left above',
the THIRD group head or 'k', by 'the horizontal line and the vertical
line at the right below' and so on. By following this principle it is
possible to create as many as 8 heads. Later, by using a half size
vertical line it is possible to create another 8 group heads. With 5
letters in each group, 16 group heads can create as many as 80 letters
or signs. Most of the alphabets of prominent languages have letters
less than this number.
After the group heads have been created, SUS proposed the principle
for creating the remaining 4 letters of each group. Say, we want to
write b, c, d and e letters of the a-group. If the small vertical line
is added in the left-below position of the script used for writing the
letter 'a', it would give letter 'b', if the small vertical line is
added left-above, it would create 'c' and so on so forth. It is seen
that if this extremely simple principle can be explained to a child,
then he himself would be able to recreate any letter of his alphabet.
LANGUAGES USING LETTERS ONLY : The languages using only letters can
run well after the scripts of their letters have been created in the
above way. In case of language having capital and small letters, the
above scripts will be treated as small letter. Then placing a small
horizontal line on top of the square would make it a capital letter.
LANGUAGES USING LETTERS AND LETTER-SIGNS : The middle portion of the
SUS scripts have been kept free such that the languages using letter
sign (or vowel-sign) can use their signs here. These signs will be
vertical lines, where the signs would be indicated by various types
and sizes of lines.
LANGUAGES FROM LEFT OR RIGHT : The SUS scripts can be used for both
types of languages, i.e. those starting from left or right with equal
advantages.
LEARNING THE LANGUAGE :
SUS proposed that in learning any Language through this script, the
learners would first need to memorize the alphabets of his language.
This can easily be done in the conventional method of picture book. In
such books picture of object or action are arranged one after another,
where the name of the object or action starts with the sound of the
letters of the alphabet. After the learner can memorize all the
letters, he is required to associate the script with the sound. At
this stage SUS proposes for dividing the letters in groups of 5 and to
remember the group heads. After he could pronounce the group heads, he
should be taught how the various group heads are created by using only
a few horizontal and vertical lines. The learner should not need much
time (two or three days should be enough) to learn these. After they
have learnt these, they may be taught how the subordinate letters of
each group are created from the group heads. No student with normal
intelligence should need more than five days to learn those. While
there ends the case of the language using only letters, those using
both letters and letter-signs would have to use some additional signs
at the middle. Learning these will be a bit hard, but should not take
more than two weeks. It is said that now, a child needs 6 to 12 months
to identify and clearly write the scripts of his language. In
comparison, no normal child should need more than one month to
acknowledge and write the SUS.
Those accustomed to figurative letters may think of 'letters by
strokes' as peculiar. However, at least three great nations viz.
Japanese, Chinese and Koreans are using obviously complex and
complicated stroke-scripts with grand success.
ADVANTAGES : Some of the advantages of SUS are the following :
(01) The scripts of any language in fact play the role of carry
bags. SUS is extremely simple to identify, remember and write and it
is capable of writing any or all languages of the world. The languages
having problems with their complex and difficult scripts may be
immensely benefitted by replacing those by SUS.
(02) SUS written by strokes are easier than those written by long,
curve, slanting and zigzag lines.
(03) SUS is contained with a square and hence free from the criticism
of having extended limbs around.
(04) SUS is easy to identify and write because it uses minimum number
of strokes. Most of the letters have only 2 or 3 strokes.
(05) In SUS there is absolutely no endeavor to assign scripts
depending upon the sounds of various letters. That retains the
original pronunciations of the language as it was.
(06) The principle for which it has been possible to write so many
letters with so less number of strokes is, it has utilized not only
the strokes, but also their relative locations to create letters.
(07) The script is extremely easy to remember because those can be
automatically created sequentially one after another by following one
simple principle.
(08) There is no tracing back, twisting of muscle, drawing curve or
angular lines etc. in SUS. Naturally it is free from the fear of 'good
/ bad handwriting' and confusion in deciphering. Also it can be
written at greater speed.
LEARNING MANY LANGUAGES :
Does SUS help in learning many languages ? The answer is : it
partially helps. Learning any new language follows the following
processes stages : (i) Memorizing the alphabets (as done from the
picture books), (ii) Identifying the script assigned to particular
sound or letter, (iii) Learning to writing the letters and signs, (iv)
Studying grammar and other uses of words, phrases and sentences etc.
In case a learner already knows any language through SUS, and now
intends to learn another language, he would have to go through the
stages (i) and (iv) only. And would have to spend negligible time for
the stages (ii) and (iii). Needless to mention that it would be of
immense help.
CONCLUSION :
Definitely SUS as a Unified Language is not still known to many
because it has been published only in November 2009. In such a
situation there cannot be any statistics or information for comparing
this one with any traditional scripts. It is quite probable that the
adults might feel a bit reluctant to change their scripts. However, a
little observation may reveal that this script is extremely easy in
comparison with any traditional script. And once someone learns SUS,
the traditional scripts with their twists, tracing back, curve lines,
angular lines etc. might appear like night mares. If a new learner is
given option to choose between the SUS and the traditional script,
there remains every possibility that he would prefer this one.
If a normal child needs 6-8 months to complete the 2nd and 3rd stage
of learning alphabets, (i.e. Identifying the letters and writing
letters and signs), he may need hardly 1 month in learning SUS. In
such a case, there may be huge saving in (i) learners' teaching time,
(ii) teachers' time and labor, (iii) cost on stationary etc. The
cumulative saving for the governments and that in the global scale can
be enormous.
In order to learn Braille language the blind people need to learn
English language. If SUS is used in writing the native languages, then
it will be possible for such people to read and write in their own
languages. These simple scripts may be typed with key boards with only
15 to 20 keys. If SUS is accepted by a number of languages, it would
be possible for the mobile phone companies to make use of all those
languages through a single script. That may be a great saving for
these companies. SUS has taken birth only in November, 2009. It would
soon enter the field to face the competitors. It would come out
victorious in this competitive world only if it retains that quality.
References :
'SUS' FOR WRITING MULTIPLE LANGUAGES, By Mira Sarma-Parai. Trafford
Publishers. November 2009. (Link :
http://www.trafford.com/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?Book=163609 )
--
Prof. Bijon Behari Sarma
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