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Thursday, January 10, 2008

[vinnomot] 95th INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS, Visakhaptnam, January 3-7, 2008

NEWS Bulletin from Indian Society For Sustainable Agriculture And Rural Development
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95th INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS, Visakhaptnam, January 3-7, 2008
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1. Biotech applications need to be amply regulated
2. DRDO develops transgenic tomato
3. Having mapped genome, scientists look further
4. 'Nano tech a solution for medical therapy'
5. Scientists, pundits converge on Vedic science
6. 'Study on Ram Setu needed to asses tsunami impact'- Tad S Murthy
7. PM for new revolution in science education
8. 'Innovative technology delivery system needed'
9. DRDO to support basic science research
10. Women farmers' put up 9-point demand
11. Next version of ballistic missile in 2009
12. Science Cong ends sans venue for next meet
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Biotech applications need to be amply regulated
 
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Biotech-applications-need-to-be-amply-regulated/258336/0
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Sunday , January 06, 2008 at 2005 hrs IST
 
Ethical, social and environmental concerns relating to the application of biotechnology in several areas need to be recognized, addressed and regulated adequately by law, said the Padma Bhushan awardee and founder director of the Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular Molecular Biology (CCMB), Pushpa M Bhargava.
 
Delivering his public lecture at the 95th Indian Science Congress here in Visakhapatnam , Bhargava said, "biotechnology is being applied in at least 32 areas. In some areas it has created wonders, but there are genuine concerns which need to be addressed."
 
Take for example DNA finger printing, he said and added "it is an effective tool for determining the parentage of a child. But in some cases such disclosure of the parentage of a child many invite social and ethical problems. Law, therefore, has to fix under which circumstances such disclosures should be made."
 
Another area he said was genetic disorders, implying certain chromosomes responsible for certain actions, say for instance murder, theft, rape. "Imagine a situation if it becomes mandatory for every individual to undergo tests for disclosure of genetic disorders. What sort of social problems would be created? Law has to define such disclosures," he said.
 
Bhargava said there were about 40,000 formulations for plant-based drugs in Ayurveda, Unanni, Siddha and Tibetan systems, out of which 10,000 such formulation were in the oral traditions of the tribals. "Has the law defined how the tribals would benefit if any company sell these drugs? In my opinion the entire benefits should go to the tribals who own these formulations," he said.
 
The unregulated release of genetically modified organisms into the environment may invite concern, he said and alleged: "Bt cotton was released for cultivation in India without adequate tests."
 
"How could a vegetarian or a section of a religious community accept a tomato inserted with genes from a fish a pig?" he quipped.
 
Bhargava said that therapeutic cloning and embryo selections have been opposed by vocal sections of some religious communities. He said in China attempts were made to fertilise female chimpanzee with human sperm and the programme was terminated during the cultural revolution.
 
On reproductive technology, Bhargava said that there should be transparency. The mother should know whose sperm is being inserted – whether her husband's or someone else's. He said that in case of the death of surrogate mother, the issuance of death certificate at times becomes a problem
 
Regarding organ transplantation, he said organs from pig were most suitable bio-chemically, anatomically and physiologically. "But how far this would find social acceptance?" he quipped.
 
Bhargava said that if tissue culture in a cash crop like vanilla was allowed to take place indiscriminately, it would pose a problem to about 70,000 farmers in India who were cultivating this crop
 
He said that free and uncontrolled applications of some tools of biotechnology, may help terrorists to use it as a weapon of bio-terrorism. Regarding largescale plantation of bio-fuel crops, he said that issues of food security and environmental concerns need to be addressed.
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DRDO develops transgenic tomato
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Tuesday , January 08, 2008 at 0240 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, Jan 7 The Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed a transgenic tomato for growing in the cold desert regions of Ladhak.
 
"This transgenic tomato is in the fourth generation and after its fifth generation, it would be subjected to controlled trials under the supervision of the Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)," said the chief controller of R&D in life sciences in DRDO, W Selvamurthy at a plenary session in the 95 th Indian Science Congress here on Monday.
 
He said that care has been taken to make the transgenic tomato resistant to cold temperatures below 20 degree Celsius and water stress conditions of the region.
 
According to Selvamurthy, the Pusa Ruby tomato has been introgressed with Osmotin gene through agro-bacterium mediated genetic transformation to enhance inbuilt cold stress tolerance. In vitro selection against selectable marker Kanamycin and PCR analysis of regenerated tomato plantlets for promoter (CaMV), Kanamycin (npt-II) and Osmotin gene has confirmed the gene integration.
Further confirmation of integration of Osmotic gene has been done by Southern Blot and Western Blot techniques. The T1 plants along with control have also been screened for tolerance to cold stress at a temperature of 3 degree C for three and half days and then exposed to ambient temperature. The morpho-logical, physiological and biochemical studies are underway on these transformed plants. The confirmed lines are being advanced and are under process of evaluation for different agronomically important parameters, he said.
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Having mapped genome, scientists look further
 
 
also
 
http://www.financialexpress .com/news/Brains-at-work-to-trace-human-evolution-by-2013/258012/
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Saturday , January 05, 2008 at 1933 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, January 4: Scientists have mapped human genome, but the next step remains to understand the human evolution and also to prescribe suitable medicines to individuals based on their genetic make up. The Nobel Laureate Roger Kornberg is confident that the process would be completed in the next five years.
 
Addressing a plenary session at the 95th Indian Science Congress in Visakhapatnam on Friday he said, "genes are distributed on random basis. Genetic studies show that no groups are inferior or superiors. We need to understand the human evolution. Future genetic studies can be taken at a cost of $ 1000 per person and appropriate medicine for individuals can be prescribed."
 
There are 32,000 genes in human beings. DNA, gene and chromosomes are collectively called genome which form the genetic basis of an organism. Human beings respond differently to different drugs said Srinivas Pentyala, a noted geneticist from New York.
He suggested "from the study of genomics, we should move to the study of proteomics."
 
The Indian Council for Medical Research has set up a task force under the national project for clinical laboratory parameters to screen about half-a-million people said Pushpa M Bhargava who heads this pilot project. Bhargava is the former secretary of department of biotechnology and co-chairman of Knowledge Commission and founder director of the Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular Molecular Biology (CCMB),. He said that the project would start this year.
 
DNA Profiling Bill 2006 is pending in the Parliament and the proposed law has suggested setting up of a DNA profile advisory board. Prasad Dhulipala, a geneticist from New Jersey that many developed countries have enacted legislations to facilitate study on human genomes and related medicines. US has DNA Identification Act 1994. UK has a database of 2 million DNA profile. Canada has also enacted similar legislation.
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'Nano tech a solution for medical therapy'
 
 
also
 
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Saturday , January 05, 2008 at 1943 hrs IST
 
Nanoscience holds great prospects for augmenting medical therapy, particularly in drugs delivery at the critical targeted points, said the Nobel Laureate Robert Curl. And that too the delivery would be safe.
 
Speaking at a plenary session in 95th Indian Science Congress, Curl said that non particles which would act as a capsules carrying drugs would be biodegradable and safe and would not cause any harm to the human body. Among other aspects where nanoscience can help was the creation of enzymes synthesing molecules which would produce enzymes at the rate required by the human body. This process of producing enzymes would be possible in the near future, he said and added that at present enzymes were produced "artificially without any controls."
 
"Take for example the problem of drugs delivery to the retinal cell layers of the eye. The fluid eye ball throws out the medicine. The nano capsule can directly delivery it directly to the retinal cell layers," said Jamboor K Viswanath, associate dean in the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas. He said the US Food and Drugs Administration has approved Poly DL Lactide C-glyolide (PLGA) as an effective, sustainable, stable and biodegradable vehicle for drugs delivery. The PLGA has very little cytotoxin effect, he said.
 
Viswanath said that nanoscience can be deployed to deal with prostrate cancer and cellular mitigation. The second generation of nano particles to be developed would be targetted nano therapeutics like antibodies and peptides. Nano tech platform for applied drugs can be both viral and non-viral constructs, he said.
 
Speaking about the miracles of ancient civilisations, Curl said," Many items like the Persian Khanjar and the Damascus steel were made by unconsciously applying nano technology. The iron ore was procured from India and processed in traditional way at requisite temperatures to produce these wonderful items. While examining these ancient products we find the existance of carbon nano tubes in them." He also said that the colouring on ancient Czech glass was also found to contain nano particles
 
He said that nano technology can be used ensure environmental protection by depolying it in the stages of manufacturing, disposal, transportation and exposure.
 
G Sundarajan of the Hyderabad-based Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Material said nano steels would have a good global market in the near future and so also nano devices, tools and structures. He said that nano silver-based water filter would be in the market within six months. He also said about the prospects of nano structured (copper -alumina) cold spray coating and alumina-based ceramic nano composite for cutting tools.
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Scientists, pundits converge on Vedic science
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Sunday , January 06, 2008 at 2024 hrs IST
 
Scientists and pundits were of the view that essence of scientific truth in ancient Vedic and post-vedic Sanskrit literature was still relevant in modern times. Particularly the prescriptions of life style away from today's consumerism and deep insight into reality can be of help to the society.
 
The vacuum state described in quantum physics can be compared to the Brahman of Hindu metaphysics.
 
This was for the first time in the history of the Indian Science Congress that vedic science got recognition and two successive plenary sessions were held on the issue on Sunday. The plenary session on Vedic Science was chaired by the Chancellor of the Tirupati-based Rashtriya Sanskrit University, VR Panchamukhi. The other plenary session on `Brahman of Physics: Interface Between Physics and Vedanta was chaired by SS Rama Rao Pappu of Miami University, US .
 
An exclusive exhibition was arranged to display scientific insight of Vedic rishi and scholars.
 
Panchamukhi spoke about the essence of social science like economics, law, political science found in ancient texts. PV Arunachalam from Triupati highlighted the simple formulae of calculation in Vedic mathematics developed by the former Puri Shankaracharya, Swami Bharatiya Krishna Tirth from Atharva Veda mantras. However, VLS Bhimasankaram of Osmania University was of the view that the scientific knowledge contained in many Sanskrit texts cannot to termed as Vedic as these literatures were written in post-Vedic periods.
 
The keynote speaker of the second plenary session, ECG Sudarshan of the University of Texas said; "Physics deals with existence and change. As per quantum physics, an observer is an active agent in the process of change, while as per Adwaita Vedanta philosophy, he can be the presiding intelligence ie the Brahman of Physics." Sudarshan who is a professor in Physics is also reputed for discussing the relevance of Adwaita Vedanta philosophy in the West. He had been awarded Padma Vibhushan.
 
P Venugopal Rao from the US-based Emory University said: "the vacuum state described in quantum physics is nothing but Brahman of Hindu metaphysics." SS Rama Rao Pappu of US-based Miami University said; "Newtonian physics is similar to the Hindu Sankhya philosophy."
 
BD Nageswar Rao of Indiana University said: "the biological molecules cannot be explained without the help of bio-physics. In physics there are four force fields – ultimate substratum – namely gravitational field, electromagnetic field, weak interaction field and strong interaction field. Attempts are being made to find out whether electromagnetic and weak interaction fields are one. Ultimately we have to find out the ultimate substratum of existence."
 
DVGLN Rao of the University of Massachusetts said: "Aham Brahamasi concept of Hindu metaphysics can hold the key in finding out the source of existence." Lalitha Rao of the same university said, "the universe is a super hologram and we are infinitely inter-connected." She quoted a verse from Isavashya Upanishad which explains in the context the mathematical dictum – "infinity minus infinity is infinity"S Pendyala from the State University of New York said that Arya Bhatt in around 5 th century discovered that planets orbit around the sun in elliptical pathways. He also mentioned about mathematical works of Bhaskaracharya and Lilavati.
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'Study on Ram Setu needed to asses tsunami impact'- Tad S Murthy
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Sunday , January 06, 2008 at 2012 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, January 6: Noted expert Tad S Murthy of the Ottawa University in Canada said that a thorough study needs to be undertaken on Ram Setu in relation to its impact on a possible tsunami.
 
He also suggested that appropriate computer modeling of the Ram Setu should be undertaken to find out its impact on tsunami propagation. "Any structure in the ocean would have its effect on tsunami propagation. But the extent of the impact (protection or otherwise) has to be measured through appropriate computer modeling."
 
When asked about his opinion on the proposed Setu Samudram Project, piercing the Ram Setu, Murthy said : "I am not against the project." He said that tsunami energy may strike Kerala coast if the direction of the Setu Samudram channel is on the south-east axis pointing to Sumatra. He, therefore suggested the direction of the proposed channel be reoriented towards north
 
Murthy was in Visakhapatnam to participate in the 95th Indian Science Congress.
Ram Setu or Adam's Bridge as it is otherwise called is an amazing structure in the Indian Ocean, a continuous 48 km long stretch of underwater causeway which connects Rameshwaram, the southern-eastern tip of the Indian peninsula with Talaimanner, the north-western tip of Sri Lanka.
 
The UPA government's proposed Setu Samudram project has landed into controversy with the Opposition namely the Bharatiya Janata Party opposing the destruction of Ram Setu and also environmentalists raising concerns over the possible impact on the surrounding ecology. The issue is subjudiced in the Supreme Court
 
Murthy lauded India 's effort in mitigating natural calamities like storm surges, cyclones. " India has built cyclone structures on the coasts, unlike in US were people are moved out to other places," he said and added that India ranked top 5 or 6 in dealing with natural calamities.
 
Saying that India has set up world-class tsunami warning system, Murthy also said : "It is difficult to predict earthquakes. Only after an earthquake in the ocean we can predict Tsunami," he said.
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PM for new revolution in science education
 
 
also
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Friday , January 04, 2008 at 0047 hrs IST
 
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that the Centre would work with the state governments and universities for launching a new revolution in modern education, particularly relating to science education.
 
"Let us make the year 2008, the year of revitalising science education in India ," he said while inaugurating the 95th Indian Science Congress here on Thursday. About 4000 scientists including 500 foreign delegates are participating in the Congress.
Singh called for increasing enrolment of students in basic sciences and said that a mission on vocational education and skill development would be launched. With a view to enlarging the pool of scientific manpower a special scheme, Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research would be launched.
 
Keeping in view the theme of the Science Congress - Knowledge-based Society Using Environmentally Sustainable Science and Technology - the Prime Minister urged for action to combat the impact of climate change and said : "We need a global response, a national response and a local response." He said that the approach has to gapple with issues of sustainability, equity and efficiency. Sustainability involves safe levels of emissions, equity involves country's legitimate share of the permissible emissions and efficiency involves development of low-cost alternative techniques for achieving the goal, he said.
 
Singh identified five areas for application of knowledge on war-footing, namely food production and conservation of water, energy generation, manufacturing technologies, mass transport systems and building and construction technology. He also suggested the need for tapping the traditional knowledge base and said that traditional building technologies were largely environment-friendly.
 
"Over the years a great deal of what is called modern building technology is environmentally ill-suited and unsustainable......We have to evolve patterns of urbanisation which minimise environmental hazards such as noise pollution," he said.
 
On the controversial issue of nuclear energy, the Prime Minister, however said : "In the longer run, atomic energy can also play an important contribution to energy security."
 
The Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change is engaged in developing India 's response to the challenge and an expert committee under the chairmanship of R Chidambaram has suggested a research agenda to study the impact of climate change. Singh said that the Planning Commission has been asked to work on the issue of climate change.
 
Union science and technology minister Kapil Sibal said that a centre for climate change would be set up at the Pune-based Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorolgy. The ministries of science and technology and earth sciences would jointly set up an expert group to study climate change impact. The department of biotechnology would set up Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council to help small and medium industries. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has been asked to draft an Law, he said
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'Innovative technology delivery system needed'
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Tuesday , January 08, 2008 at 2016 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, Jan 4 Researchers in the country should make the right choice if they want the country to develop, said the principal scientific advisor to the government, R Chidambaram.
 
Delivering a special lecture at the 95th Indian Science Congress, Chidambaram said that apart from developing suitable technologies, innovative technology delivery system was needed for rural India.
 
He said that most of the research programmes undergoing in the country were "directed research" meaning the researches were undertaken under the mandate and funds given by institutions based in the developed world. He said that such research programmes may not suit the needs of the country. The researchers should make the right choice if they want the country to develop, he said and added " India has the potential to be a global innovator."
 
Chidambaram urged the scientists to develop coherent synergies of all efforts. "Development without security is vulnerable and security without development is meaningless," he said.
He noted that basic researches were mostly conducted in the public sector and in universities while private sector was mostly engaged in applied researches like commercializing and developing technologies. "There is a competition among Companies to develop new technologies. I would urge the Companies to engage themselves in pre-competitive applied research also."
 
Chidambaram said that in the early stages of development it would appear that the GDP growth not being related to scientific development, but as the development process takes a firm footing scientific development would be directly reflected in the GDP growth of the country. He regretted that young talents in the country were not attracted to basic research unlike that in China .
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DRDO to support basic science research
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Tuesday , January 08, 2008 at 2018 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, Jan 4 The Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) has decided to fund about 7000 post-graduates from universities to undertake researches in basic sciences relevant to the organisation. It has also demanded greater outlay for conducting researches in defence technologies.
 
DRDO director-general M Natarajan, speaking to FE, said : "Our budget for research is only 6.1% of the total defence budget which is around $17.4 billion, while in China the R&D expenditure is 20% of its total defence outlay at $29 billion. In Israel, the R&D expenditure is 9% of its total defence budget at $7.9 billion and in the US it is 16% of its total defence budget at $420 billion. We feel that the R&D expenditure for defence services in India should be adequately raised."
 
Natarajan said that DRDO was concentrating largely on applied research to directly meet its needs. But the organisation also need researches in basic sciences which are relevant for developing suitable technologies to cater to the needs of the defence forces. "We have a strength of 7000 in-house researchers and want to double our strength by funding 7000 researchers in basic sciences from the universities. At present we are outsourcing for 60% of our research work," he said.
 
Natarajan was here in Vishakhapatam for the 95th Indian Science Congress.
DRDO has plans to develop new aerostats, new missiles for tactical deployment and strategies, a range of sensors.
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Women farmers' put up 9-point demand
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Saturday , January 05, 2008 at 1948 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, January 5: The women farmers have put up a 9-point demand which would form a part of the resolution of the 95th Indian Science Congress which is in progress here in the Andhra University campus in the port city of Visakhapatnam.
The Union minister of state for women and child development, Renuka Chowdhary assured that she would soon call a meeting of major shoe manufacturers and ask them to produce cheap PCV gum shoes for women working in the farms.
 
This is for the first time in the history of the Indian Science Congress, that a video conference of women farmers from seven different parts of the country was organized on Saturday by the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
 
Women farmers from Moosapet in Andhra Pradesh, Thiruvaiyaru in Tanjavur district in Tamil Nadu, Jeypore in Koraput district in Orissa, Waifad in Wardha district and Yavatmal in Maharashtra, Pokhran in Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan and agriculture scientists based in the MS Swaminathan Foundation in Chennai participated in the video conferencing.
 
The women farmers demanded their joint ownership over land on records so that they can have access to Kisan Credit Cards and institutional credit and insurance service. New insurance schemes should be launched for women farmers to cover occupational hazards like leptosporosis infection in paddy fields. There should be support services like crèches and anganwadis for the children of women farmers at work. Women farmers should have access to quality inputs like seeds, organic and mineral fertilizers, extension services at the right time and at the right place.
 
Among other demands are facilities for training and capacity building, water security and management, appropriate post-harvest technologies for processing, storage, transportation and marketing of their produces. They have also called assured and remunerative marketing support. They also urged the agricultural universities to develop gender sensitive farm implements and also for facilitating them for taking up activities in livestock, fishery, dairy, forestry and feed and fodder management.
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Next version of ballistic missile in 2009
 
 
also
 
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/India-to-test-5000 -km-range-missile-in-2009/259136/
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Tuesday , January 08, 2008 at 0239 hrs IST
 
Visakhapatnam, Jan 7 India is slated to conduct trials of the next version of the ballistic missile with a strike range of more than 5000 km and the sophisticated hypersonic plane in 2009.
 
It will also develop long-range, high speed interceptors that can strike down missiles fired from deep within the enemy territory.
 
Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) chief controller of R&D in missile systems sciences, V K Saraswat speaking at a plenary session in the 95 th Indian Science Congress here on Monday said that plans are afoot to build a floating test range to launch missiles in the next three years.
 
" We are encouraged after our successful launch of Agri III. The next version of the long-range ballistic missile has been tentatively named as Agni III Plus and defence scientists are currently working on its design', said Saraswat
 
He said the DRDO will also test its indigenously developed hypersonic plane, which can be used as a reusable missile launcher. The vehicle, one which can launch missiles, land back and be loaded again for more missions, is expected to be capable of at least a hundred re-entries into the atmosphere. The hyperplane, which is likely to be the size of a MiG 25 fighter aircraft, will be able to take off from a conventional airfields.
 
According to Saraswat high speed interceptors - AD-1 and AD-2 - would be for engaging 5000 km class targets.
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Science Cong ends sans venue for next meet
 
 
ASHOK B SHARMA
Posted online: Tuesday , January 08, 2008 at 2032 hrs IST
 
The 95th Indian Science Congress came to a close on Monday, failing to decide on the venue and the theme for the next Congress to be scheduled in early January next year. Intense discussions which ran into extra hours could not resolve the issue.
 
The General President of the 96th Indian Science Congress- 2009, T Ramaswami, who is also the Secretary in the Department of Science and Technology at the Centre, however, indicated that the theme for the next Congress would be science education and its relevance to society.
 
As per convention, the chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Madhavan Nair was elected General President for the 97 th Indian Science Congress.
 
The Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh while inaugurating the 95th Indian Science Congress had said : "Let us make the year 2008, the year of revitalising science education in India."
He said that the Centre would work with the state governments and universities for launching a new revolution in modern education, particularly relating to science education.
 
Five possible options for the venue for the next Congress are, however, before the Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA). They are, Northeast Hill University, Shillong, Nagpur University, Nagpur, Punjab University, Chandigarh, National Institute of Technology (deemed university, Suratkal near Mangalore and Magadh University , Bodhgaya.
 
The ISCA decided to form panels which would review the viability of the proposed venue for holding the next Congress, particularly relating to accommodation and connectivity "The five panels will have three common members.
 
After the reports of the five panels, ISCA will take a decision on the venue within next two months," said the General President of the 95 th Indian Science Congress, R Ramamurthi.
 
According to sources, Shillong may be the possible venue with a view to give chance to the northeastern part of the country a chance to host the prestigious conference. Others are of the view that the ruling UPA government at the centre may want the next Congress to be hosted in one of the Congress-ruled state.
Though ISCA is an autonomous body based in Kolkata, it depends upon funding from the Centre to convene its annual ritual – Science Congress.
 
Some are pressing for Bodhgaya to be the venue as it is a pilgrimage centre and the state government is building a big convention centre in collaboration with the private sector. However, the place suffers from bad air connectivity.
 
The nearest airstrip at Gaya has no direct flight connectivity to any city in the country, expect Kolkata. Gaya has international flights from Bangkok and Sri Lanka via Kolkata. Gaya , however, receives some charterd flights.
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