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Wednesday, May 21, 2008

[mukto-mona] Missing Girls in India...

Sex ratios in India are now almost as bad as China, if not worse (China has the longest lasting and most severe girl shortage of any contemporary population). This demographic disaster will eventually lead to millions of men who cannot find mates...and we will have to wait and see what THAT leads to...

Omar Ali
 
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For complete story:
 
 
 

Introduction

Data from the census of 2001 suggests that there are only 933 women for every1000 men in India [1]. In 1992 Amartya Sen calculated that 37 million women were 'missing' in India [2]. The UN in 2001 estimated that there were 44 million missing women in India [3]. Societal bias favoring males is responsible for the situation [4]. This bias manifests as neglect of girls and women resulting in their early death [5], [6], [7], female infanticide [8], [9] and more recently, antenatal sex determination and female feticide [10]. In India, ultra sound machines that permit non-invasive antenatal sex determination first became available in select centers in the late 1970s and became more widespread in the 1980s [11], [12]. Soon thereafter abortion of female fetuses were reported from many major cities of India [13], [14]. Several reports suggest that sex selective abortion became more common in the 1990s [15], [16]. Amartya Sen believes that the pattern of gender inequality shifted from 'mortality inequality' to what he calls 'natality inequality' due to female feticide after the facility for antenatal sex determination became available [11], [17]. Others suggest that parents are not substituting prenatal for post-natal discrimination against girls but combining the two strategies [18]. The relative contribution of these modes of discrimination, to the unbalanced sex ratio in India, is still unresolved [19].
The age specific sex ratio is used to determine the age at which women go 'missing'. However infanticides, in the first few days, are often reported as still-births [19] or not reported at all within the incomplete birth registration system [9]. It is therefore difficult to assess the number of girl children 'missing' from the census data on account of sex selective abortion and the number lost due to early infanticide. Data on sex ratio at birth in hospital records can be crucial to estimate the influence of female feticide on the sex ratio as this is not affected by other factors like infanticide and neglect of girl children. This study was done to look at secular trends in the sex ratio at birth of babies born in a hospital over the last 110 years. We hypothesized that if female feticide is a factor affecting the sex ratio, there would be a fall in the newborn female to male sex ratio after the technology for antenatal sex determination became widespread in the1980s....
 
 



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