| The Originally the organization was named Jamat-e-islami Hind. Maulana Syed Abul Ala Moududi was its founder. Though established in 1941 the organization was foreshadowed when Maulana Moududi began a vehement criticism of Pakistan and the Muslim League in his speeches, addresses and religious sermons. After the Lahore Resolution was adopted a conference was arranged called by Maulana Moududi. At this conference, on 26 August, 1941 Jamat-e-Islami Hind was formed. A sixteen-member majlis-e-shoora was constituted and Maulana Moududi was elected the Amir of the party. In March the next year (1942) at a session of majlis-e-shoora an allegation was made that Maulana Moududi lived an ostentatious life which was repugnant to the tenets of Islam. Demand for his resignation was made at this session. Though ultimatewly he succeeded in retaining the post of Amir, four members quit the party. In 1942 he shifted the headquarters of the party from Lahore to East Punjab. In 1944 he appointed Mia Tofael Ahmed secretary-general of the party. The next year (1945) from April 19 to 21 the first central �rokon� (workers) council was held at Pathancourt for the last time. After the partition of India, in 1948, Maulana Moududi came over to Pakistan accompanied by 306 of the party's 533 members and began party activities in his new home. As the Maulana decreed that the jehad in Kashmir was haram (forbidden act in Islam) he, along with a few members of Jamat was arrested in 1948. The first council of the party in Pakistan was held from 6 to 8 May. Maududi came out of prison in 1950 and built up a liaison with a few other Islamic parties. In January, 1953 at a conference of clerics Maulana made a demand for declaring the members of the Ahmediya community as non-Muslim. At this time Maududi made many provocative statements against the Ahmediya community which incited a riot against the Ahmediyas at the end of February, 1953 which escalated further in March that year. In Punjab a frenzied bloodbath ensued killing thousands of people. After this Maulana Moududi and his followers were arrested and tried. In the trial the Maulana was awarded the death sentence and his followers were convicted to imprisonment of various terms. Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Maulana Akram Khan opposed the verdict of death sentence. Later the death sentence was set aside and he was given life term. Of course, for political reasons Maududi was released in 1955. In the East Pakistan of those Jamat-e-Islami had no organisational base. In 1948 Jamat leader Rafi Ahmed Indori was sent to East Pakistan with the objective of expanding political activities here. Before that Maulana Moududi had visited East Pakistan in an organisational tour, accompanied by the secretary-general of his party. By the persistent efforts of Rafi Ahmed and Abdur Rahim a four-member provincial committee of jamat was formed in East Pakistan. Abdur Rahim was elected Amir of this committee. Gholam Azam who was a teacher in Rangpur Carmichael College joined jamat-e-Islami in 1954 as an associate member. In 1955 he achieved the post of rokon. The same year he became secretary of the party's Rajshahi division and the next year he was given the responsibility of provincial assistant secretary, the Amir of Rajshahi and provincial secretary. At that time the Amir of the provincial branch of the party was Abdur Rahim. Around this time many allegations against Moududi were again being made within the party. In 1957 he called an all-Pakistan Jamat conference in Bahawalpur. At this conference he became Amir, which prompted the dissidents to quit the party. In 1962 when General Ayub promulgated Muslim Family Ordinance Moududi opposed the Ordinance. For this on 4 January, 1964 the Ayub government banned Jamat and arrested 60 Jamat members including Moududi. They included 13 Jamat members of East Pakistan , among whom were Gholam Azam. Later, in October the same year the ban on Jamat was lifted. Jamat-e-Islami opposed the Six Points of Sheikh Mujib and the Fourteen Points of Maulana Bhashani. In 1967 was formed the PDS or Pakistan Democratic Movement. Jamat-e-Islami took part in it. In 1968-69 ayub Khan summoned a roundtable conference with the purpose of foiling the great mass movement. Jamat-e-Islami at this time engaged in various kinds of machinations. The party began to emit venom against NAP and Awami League. Jamat took part in the election of 1970. In West Pakistan the party won only in four seats. In 1971 when the Liberation War began Jamat-e-Islami took the side of Pakistan. In the month of April Gholam Azam met General Tikka Khan twice within the space of one day and opposing the liberation of Bangladesh offered his full cooperation. Gholam Azam branded the Freedom Fighters as anti-State elements. Gholam Azam played a foremost and active r�le in forming the 'peace committees' in the Pak-occupied Bangladesh under the leadership of a Khawaja Khairuddin, president of Council Muslim League. Jamat-e-Islami also had an active r�le in the formation of the forces of the 'Razakars', Al Badr and As Shams. Throughout the period of the Liberation War of Bangladesh, the leaders and workers of Jamat-e-Islami and the workers of Chhatra Sangha had been directing many-sided action against the Bangalee nation. This included the obliteration of the Bangalees as a nation, the killing of innocent people and intellectuals, mass arrests, rapes, looting and arson, etc. On 3 Septamber, 1971 Dr A S Mlik wa sappointed the governor of East Pakistan and on 17 September provincial government was formed here. In this cabinet the Jamat leader Abbas Ali Khan was appointed education minister and Maulana Abul Kalam Mohammed Yusuf became the minister for works and revenue. In August 1970 a by-election was held in which 78 members of National Assembly of the victorious Awami League were declared disqualified from being candidates. In this by-election 58 candidates were elected uncontested. They incluuded 25 Jamat leaders among whom were Gholam Azam, Abdur Rahim, Abbas Ali Khan. After liberation, as all religious parties were banned, Jamat-e-Islami also came under the ban. In August 1976 the Ziaur Rahman government announced the Political Parties Regulation. According to this regulation, the number of polirtical parties recognised by the state at that time was only 21. One of them were Islamic Democratic League. Jamat-e-Islami played an active r�le in the formation of this party. Gholam Azam came to Bangladesh for three months on Pakistani passport and through his leadership from the background Jamat-e-Islami was formed in May, 1979. Abbas Ali Khan was elected the acting Amir. Aqfter this Gholam Azam surrendered his Pakisatani passport and applied for Bangladeshi citizenship. Jamat helped to promote Ziaur Rahman's politics. After Ershad came to power it directed its activities in the same manner. In 1986 Jamat took part in the election to the third parliament in which ten of its members were elected. In the fifth parliament it won 28 seats, and by supporting BNP in formation of government obtained two more reserved women's seats. Through these happenings Jamat was able to dig its heels in national politics. After the 1991 election during the BNP rule the question of Gholam Azam's citizenship was taken to the court of law following which the court granted him citizenship. In 1992 under Jahanara Imam on whom was conferred the title 'Shaheed Janani' (the Mother Of Martyrs) a strong movement was built up for the elimination of the killers and collaborators of 1971. This led to a fall in the popularity of Jamat. After this Jamat remained active with Awami League in the demand for caretaker government. Of course, in the 1996 election Jamat won only three seats. The number of votes polled by them throughout the country also dropped sharply. In the post-election years Jamat with BNp formed a four-party alliance and it is fighting the election to the eighth parliament jointly with BNP. |
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